"o. 11. 



Maryland and Delaware Peninsula Turnips. 



of the soil was likewise changed into that of 

 chocolate. 



Now these effects seemed to prove, that 

 any thing which would separate the particles 

 of the soil and admit the air, would render 

 these cold and heavy clays warm and fertile, 

 the free intercourse of air carrying oiF the 

 acid, &c. ; and to meet this idea, ploughing 

 in the fall was adopted and found successful : 

 as an experiment, one half a field six years 

 ago was ploughed in the autumn, the other 

 half in the spring; that part which was thus 

 ploughed in the spring, has never yet brought 

 grain or grass equal to the other. Spreading 

 manure in tlie autumn from the compost bed 

 has also been attended with universal suc- 

 cess, both upon grain and grass, the salts of 

 the manure being carried into the soil by the 

 rains upon breaking up of frost, which had in 

 some measure prepared the soil to receive it. 

 Vegetable substances have been covered with 

 earth, rotted, and used with the same success 

 as stable manure ; and so long as they operate 

 in separating the soil and promoting the ac- 

 cess of the air, they fertilize and change the 

 colour of the mould. 



These experiments, tested by frequent re- 

 petition, laid the foundation for others less 

 expensive and equally fertilizing, for the pro- 

 duction of grain and grass, — they consisted in 

 ploughing and sowing for the purpose of 

 producing pasture, and the accumulation of 

 vegetable soil: for this purpose, wheat, rye, 

 corn, buckwheat, and oats, have been sown 

 for green food upon land which was incapa- 

 ble of producing any crop for the harvest, but 

 none of these grains have produced pasture 

 and vegetable soil equal to tlie oat; for where 

 the others have failed, its roots have pierced, 

 disarmed and vanquished the inhospitable soil, 

 and rendered it fertile; the winter ploughing 

 is continued, and the oats are thrown in as 

 early as February, if the season will admit, 

 upon land which had been ploughed in an- 

 tumn. They afibrd early pasture, and when 

 eaten off, and the land has been again sown 

 with the same crop, they furnish excellent 

 pasture from September until late in Decem- 

 ber, and during a season when other herbage 

 is oftentimes dried up. The first crop gives 

 two months' pasture, but the roots and remain- 

 ing herbage turned down, aflbrds a manure 

 for the second sowing, yielding four months' 

 valuable pasture. In llie second year of the 

 oat pasture, clover might be sown with them, 

 and so soon as a field will produce clover, 

 there is no practical man who does not know 

 how to make his land as rich as he pleases; 

 and having got it into good heart, it will be 

 his interest to put it into such rotation as shall 

 increase permanently its fertility. 



It is almost unnecessary to point out the 

 many advantages arieing from such a course. 



lot. Early and late pasture of the sweetest 

 kind. 



2d. Immediate reward fiir iiis labour, the 

 stock feeding the crop within two montha 

 from the sowing of the seed ; the two returns 

 giving six months' green food. 



3d. It is one of tlie mot-t effectual means to 

 root out garlic and other noxious plants. 



4th. It is an easy and profitable mode of 

 clearing effi?ctually the grain-fields of every 

 species (tf injurious weeds, turning them into 

 vegetable mould upon the spot. 



5th. It saves the expense of a naked sum- 

 mer fallow, giving in return abundance of 

 the finest food for soiling the dairy, 



6th. It enriches the farm from within it- 

 self." J, W. 



Note. — In adopting this plan for raising 

 green food for soiling, it will be necessary to 

 sow double the quantity of oats that are re- 

 quired for raising crops of grain, the pasture 

 being required to be thicker; the increase of 

 the vegetable soil from the decayed roots re- 

 paying very amply the extra cost of the seed 

 sown. 



For the Farmers' Cabiact. 

 Tui'uips. 



Mr. Editor, — I find that the turnips which 

 are grown in different parts of England, are 

 very dissimilar with regard to their fattening 

 properties; for while those raised in North- 

 umberland and other northern counties are 

 sufficient with straw and hay only, to carry 

 large oxen to maturity, other crops, in tlie 

 lower parts of Hampshire, &c., are so 

 "washy" as to require an addition of grain 

 of some kind, or oil-cake, before cattle can 

 be made fit for the butcher. So again in 

 Herefordshire, it is customary to fatten the 

 largest oxen of the country — the largest 

 breed in England — with turnips and straw, 

 finishing by merely substituting hay for straw, 

 while in some of the adj>oining counties this 

 cannot be done, even with a much smaller 

 breed of cattle, without grain. Now, I should 

 be glad to know whether this difference be 

 attributable to the quality of the turnips, or 

 to the different breeds of cattle; and whether 

 much of the discrepancy which we witness 

 in the accounts of the value of the beet-root 

 for stock-feeding, might not be traced to 

 either the one or the other of these causes 1 



A. 



Substitute for Tea. — The strong aroma* 

 tic flowers of Rose Pimpernella folia, whose 

 leaves resemble those of Saxafrage and the 

 wood roof or Asperula Adorata, far excel in 

 flavour all the teas of China. 



