No. 1. 



Premium Farm in JVew York. 



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corn; second, oats or barley; third, wheat 

 on the oat or barley stubble; fourth, clover 

 and herds grass pasture — the seed sown on 

 the wheat — fifth, meadow. But inasmuch 

 as certain portions of my farm are not suited 

 to raising wheat, and as I cannot command 

 the force necessary to cultivate the propor- 

 tion of corn, I am compelled to modify; but 

 I come as near to this rotation as I can. 



The usual time of sowing barley is as 

 soon as the ground is settled — commonly by 

 the 20th of April. The oats are sowed later, 

 generally early in May. 



The yield of the crops for this year has 

 already been given, and I think I am safe in 

 saying, that the average of one year with 

 another, upon the system of rotation before 

 given, comes up to that of this year. The 

 pasture will sustain two cows upon an acre, 

 and the hay will generally yield two tons to 

 the acre. 



13. This interrogatory has been so far an- 

 ticipated, that it is only necessary to add, 

 that sometimes manure that is not conveni- 

 ent to draw in the spring, is put upon the 

 corn stubble and upon wheat. 



14. This interrogatory has been antici- 

 pated, in part. My reasons for applying my 

 manure to corn, are, that I have better 

 means of destroying the seeds of weeds, and 

 from the belief that corn is the best crop to 

 take up that part of the manure that the 

 first crop can use, and that the manure is 

 thus prepared for the crops that follow. Ex- 

 periments that I have made, go to show that 

 coarse manure benefits the second crop as 

 much as it does the first — and the third crop 

 cannot but receive great benefit from it. 

 The fourth and fifth crops probably do not 

 impoverish the soil. By this rotation, three 

 crops are had for three ploughings; and my 

 experience proves that the soil increases in 

 fertility under this management. 



15. Potatoes. In consequence of the dis- 

 ease that has injured this crop, there were 

 but two and a half acres planted this year; 

 the disease was very destructive to my crop 

 last year, but thus far nothing has been dis- 

 covered of it this year. I have not been 

 able to discover either the cause or remedy 

 for this disease. 



16. Herds grass, at the rate of eight 

 quarts to the acre, is sown on bottom land. 

 Clover and herds grass, mixed in equal 

 quantities, is sown on uplands, at the rate 

 of eight quarts to the acre, commonly. 

 Generally sow herds grass in September, 

 when it is sow-n alone on wheat; but if 

 mixed with clover, sow it in March, on a 

 light snow, if possible ; the sowing is done 

 by hand. The last spring I sowed herds 

 grass seed at the rate of eight quarts to the 



acre, on a field of wheat that I wanted to 

 mow. Sixteen quarts of clover seed were 

 mixed with the other seed and sown on fif- 

 teen and a half acres. In the fall this field 

 was not fed oft' until the clover headed out, 

 when it appeared finely covered with clo- 

 ver. 



17. I usually mow about thirty acres, and 

 expect two tons to the acre. This year the 

 herds grass was killed by a frost late in 

 May, and the estimate made was one ton to 

 the acre. I use the variety of clover known 

 as the "medium," and cut it when one-half 

 of the heads are turned. At this stage a 

 very considerable proportion of the herds 

 grass will be sufficiently advanced for the 

 seeds to mature. The mode of making the 

 hay, is to move it as little as possible. Gene- 

 rally it is put into cock. When the bottom 

 lands are stocked down, clear herds grass 

 used. 



18. There is no part of my farm that can- 

 not be ploughed, except the side hills before 

 mentioned. These side hills are in grass 

 and are pastured. 



19. I have irrigated a part of my bottom 

 lands. For a few years the grass was very 

 much increased in quantity; but the herds 

 grass disappeared, and a kind of grass took 

 its place of but little value. I now suppose 

 that the water was suffered to remain too 

 long on the meadow, and thus destroyed the 

 valuable grasses. This meadow has been 

 ploughed up, with a view to subdue it, and 

 again seeded with herds grass; when it 

 is to be hoped a second experiment in irri- 

 gation may be made with more skill and 

 better success. 



The mode of watering the meadow was 

 by a small ditch taken out of the brook, at 

 a point high enough to enable me to convey 

 the water through the middle of the meadow. 

 Lateral cuts from this main ditch, with gates, 

 distributed the water. 



20. "Of the bottom lands mentioned, about 

 twenty acres were very wet, and may have 

 come under the denomination of " low peat 

 lands." This land has been thoroughly 

 drained, with ditches from three to five feet 

 deep. Very heavy oats were this year 

 raised upon some of this land, and about 

 one-half of my corn was upon this descrip- 

 tion of land. The next year the whole 

 forty acres are to be planted gr sown to oats. 



21. There have been four oxen, seven- 

 teen cows, and sixteen head of store cattle, 

 eighty sheep, eleven horses, and thirty-three 

 swine kept on the farm the past season, with 

 the exception of a short time. The cattle 

 are either thorough bred, or high grade 

 Short- horns. 



22. I have made no accurate and careful 



