No. 4. 



The Poplar — the Tulip-hearing Liriodendron. 



Ill 



and man more cordially concur in g-ivinw 

 zest to a popular lioliday. 



I have been over the grounds, of course, 

 seeing mucli to interest, and but for the 

 enormous multitude gathered, vvhicli seems 

 to me unpara-lleled at any former Fair, I 

 should have seen much more. I could say 

 something of the animals here exhibited, 

 )ut believing Col. Skinner can speak of 

 :hem to better purpose, I leave them to him. 

 ?ox the present, I will proffer a few sugges- 

 .ions on the influences and uses of these 

 innual fairs, or rather a few thoughts which 

 .his one has elicited. 



Mental indolence is the chief danger of 

 he farmer's condition. It is possible to ex- 

 st in his vocation with very little thought. 

 :*loughing this year and next the fields That 

 vere ploughed, perhaps by his father, thirty 

 ir forty years ago, and harvesting therefrom, 

 ubstantially, the same grains and vogeta- 

 iles, the farmer is in danger of falling into 

 he habit of doing just as his father did, and 

 i)r the reason that his father did it. TI-' I 

 lid round of crops, the old modes of cult''"^ 

 he old implements, even the old smolc ^ 

 Liel-wasting fire-place, are too ofte* C^j"? 

 D, because the farmer is hardly p-v'ar^ that 

 ewer and better means to the sai^e ends 

 ave been devised and adopt"^!- ^\ seems 

 asier to do the old things ii tH old way, 

 lan to incur the expenp^ ai^ trouble ot 

 hanging for the better, -ver if aware of its 



Yigtpripp 



The moral of the P"^ ^^ improvement, 

 'ifly thousand farn^e'^ and farmers' sons, 

 'ith ten thousand /i-mers' wives and daugh- 

 ;rs, assemble one a year to witness an ex- 

 ibition of the -noicest products of their 

 ailing in our Rate. He who has the coun- 

 irpart of Ph'f'aoh's lean kine, finds at the 

 air the ni^^^st display of neat cattle ever 

 jen : so '^^ horses, sheep, swine, «Sic. Of 



uits- P'ld grains, there is like abundance of 

 IP best. Is it possible that he who has 

 •ixlged on contented with ten to twenty 

 ishels of grain to the acre, perhaps with 

 10 or three varieties of ordinary fruit, per- 

 ips with little or none, should be content 



go on in that way ■! When he sees, as he 

 ay here, squashes weighing 146 pounds 

 Lch — five that grew on one vine weighing 

 'er 500 pounds — can he go home satisfied 



grow those of a tea-kettle size onlyl 

 i^hen he sees that other farmers have a 

 ■ofusion of pears, peaches, grapes, quinces, 

 c, from a few acres of land, will he jog 

 1 with his orchard of middling apple trees 

 ily] It seems hardly possible that one 

 rmer, who ever thinks at all, can go away 

 ora the State Fair without resolving to be 

 better farmer thereafter; without feeling a 



truer pride in his calling, and a firmer 

 lution to improve and excel in it. here 

 But this is not all. The farm^cently 

 brought in contact with all that Ij j^ aid of 

 been done in the otiier usefuljiegg variety 

 his own calling. Here is an^a^ning mills, 

 of agricultural implemen^^ ^^ ^^ . gg 

 cradles, scythes, forks, ^^^^ o^ens, kitch- 

 alsohousehouldutensilfg ^^^ jegg than a 

 en- ware, &c. riierr^^^^.^g ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^j- 

 dozen newly patent ^g^g„tg ^^ th^ge ex- 

 hem valuable iv Everything invites to 

 hibited last y^flection, and thence to im- 

 comparison,;^ the plough alone, the im- 

 provement.^f. ^,^g j^^^ ^-^ ^^^^^ ^^^.^ g^. 



P'^o^^^Jf^'ploughing of four acres with the 

 cure i^j power formerly required for 

 Jabour ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ doubtless, is not yet. 

 r\'^%uch Fair as this is worth more to the 

 jple o( a State than a dozen "glorious 

 fcto'ies" in the field of human slaughter. — 

 'j^ruo York Tribune. 



The Poplar— the Tulip-bearin§ 

 dendron. 



Liriodendron tulipifera. 



Lirio" 



Of all the deciduous trees of North Ame- 

 rica, the Tulip-tree, next to the Sycamore, 

 (Platanus occidentalis,) attains the amplest 

 dimensions; while the perfect straightness 

 and uniform diameter of the trunk, the more 

 regular distribution of its branches, and the 

 greater richness of its foliage, and flowers, 

 give it a decided superiority over that tree, 

 and entitle it to be considered one of the 

 most magnificent productions of the tempe- 

 rate zones. It usually attains a height of 

 sixty or eighty feet, with a diameter vary- 

 ing from eighteen inches to three feet ; al- 

 though, in favourable localities, it has been 

 known to arrive at a height of one hundred 

 and twenty to one hundred and forty feet, 

 with a diameter of more than seven feet. 

 The bark of the trunk, till it exceeds seven 

 or eight inches in diameter, is smooth and 

 even; but afterwards it begins to crack, and 

 the depth of the furrows is in proportion to 

 the size and age of the tree. 



The southern extremity of Lake Cham- 

 plain, according to Michaux, may be consi- 

 dered in its natural distribution, as the north- 

 ern, and the river Connecticut as the eastern 

 limit of this tree. It is only westerly of the 

 Hudson, and southerly of the forty-third de- 

 gree of latitude, that it is frequently met 

 with, and fully developed. It is multiplied 

 in the middle States, in the upper parts of 

 Carolina and Georgia, and still more abun- 

 dantly in the Western States, particularly 



