148 



Demands for American Produce. — Cows. 



Vol. XI. 



could not always afford to throw away most 

 of the few buds I could get, I determined to 

 try these too in the same way, and was 

 pleased to find that these frequently grew 

 off without wilting their leaves at all, and 

 succeeding sometimes when the dormant 

 buds either failed or pouted. 



Having commenced cultivating fruit trees 

 about the same time, and being naturally 

 anxious to taste some of the pears that had 

 celebrity, I thought that by inserting the 

 fruit spurs in the same manner into quince 

 stocks, I might have very dwarfish trees 

 that would produce fruit very soon, and I 

 think that I have not been disappointed in 

 either expectation, as I have several trees 

 that have borne fruit or blossomed, that are 

 much smaller than any that were sent me 

 as dwarfs, and have borne fruit several years 

 sooner, as many of the parent trees have 

 just begun also to bear, though my experi- 

 ments were not commenced until several 

 years after they were received. As I kept 

 no memoranda of these things, I cannot be 

 more particular. The term budding, cannot, 

 with propriety, be applied to this operation, 

 but it conveys a correct idea of the opera 

 tion, I think ; nor is it strictly speaking, at 

 least, according to any of the methods de 

 cribed in books, that I can recall. I graft 

 all the year with equal success, except the 

 months of November and December, in this 

 climate. I also bud whenever the bark will 

 separate freely, and I can procure buds 

 Last March I budded and saved some new 

 roses I received from Paris, and I have bud 

 ded them with fair success in November, 

 afler the frost has killed our crops, and I 

 have moved to the plantation. 



Sometimes trees that are purchased at a 

 distance have only a small straight stem 

 with a few lateral shoots, one or two inches 

 long, in such a case I would make one or 

 two grafts of the terminal or upright shoots, 

 and bud in the spurs as soon as budding- 

 could be done. This operation has most 

 or all of the advantages of both budding 

 and grafting without the disadvantages of 

 either. 



Robert Chisolm. 



Demand for American Produce. 



Extract from a letter received from H. 

 Colman, to the Editor ot the Cultivator, 

 dated London, 18th of September last. In 

 relation to the demand for American bread 

 stuffs in England, he says: 



"There will be a quick demand for all 

 the produce which is likely to come. The 

 best informed and most judicious and saga 

 clous men, are not without alarm for a very 



serious scarcity of food. The utter failure 

 of the potatoe crop in Ireland is determined, 

 and the consequences are frightful to con- 

 template. It is quite general here; but I 

 hope that the alarm with regard to the dis- 

 ease among the turnips in the north, is pre- 

 mature. The crops of oats and barley are 

 not large — wheat is more than an average 

 crop; but there will be no surplus, and there 

 is anticipated a very large demand for bread 

 stuffs upon the continent. 



" My eighth No. will, I suppose, soon be 

 through the press, as the publishers have all 

 the matter. In this I have treated fully the 

 subject of live stock. I have desired to 

 avoid any improper partiality, and to place 

 the subject in as fair and proper a light as 

 possible. I shall leave now in a few days 

 for the continent, and hope not to be unrea- 

 sonably long before I send the ninth No." 



COAVS. 



Although we have been favoured with 

 the lu.xuries emanating from the cow ever 

 since the flood, we are still very ignorant of 

 her value, and of the proper mode of man- 

 aging her in sickness and in health. We 

 were taught to believe that it was unneces- 

 sary, indeed improper in all cases, to milk a 

 cow before she had her first calf; and if I 

 am not mistaken, this belief prevails univer- 

 sally at the present day. 



Our attention was recently called to a fa- 

 vourite Durham heifer, whose udder was 

 considerably inflamed and distended, nearly 

 three months before her time of calving, 

 and gradually increased for two months, until 

 the size was so enormous and the inflamma- 

 tion so great, that we were apprehensive 

 matter would form in the udder. To pre- 

 vent this, we ordered her udder to be well 

 bathed, morning, noon, and night, with wa- 

 ter as warm as it could be applied without 

 scalding. By this mode of treatment the 

 udder was relaxed, but gradually increased 

 in size, until we were satisfied that she 

 could not be relieved until she was milked. 

 The first effort brought off several pints of 

 thick serous, or watery matter: the second 

 day the discharge was a mixture of water 

 and milk, and on the third day we had the 

 pleasure of measuring seventeen pints of 

 milk; and from this time forward until she 

 calved — which was about one month from 

 the first time of milking — she yielded from 

 16 to 18 quarts of fine rich milk every day. 

 The calf found the udder in fine condition 

 for sucking, the teats all soft, and the milk 

 flowed upon the slightest compression of hia 

 lips. In this way we preserved the udder 

 of one of the finest cows we ever milked; 



