No. 7. 



Settling in JVew Countries. 



203 



should be prepared to fatten pork, which 

 may pay well for the consumption and la- 

 bour. At any rate, by following this plan, 

 he will raise a sufficiency of one or other of 

 the grains, either wheat, buckwheat, rye, 

 barley, corn, or oats, fur his own consuaip- 

 tion and to part with, of that kind that may 

 be the most saleable, and pay the best profit, 

 to meet all his necessary wants and increase 

 his revenue. Should it be that wheat de- 

 mands the best price, then he can afford to 

 live on the other grains and part with his 

 wheat, or otherwise, if it should be that oats, 

 corn, rye, &c., command the best price. 

 Another advantage in this system of farming 

 is, that neither of the crops will require to 

 be planted or harvested at the same time ; 

 at any rate, they can be so arranged as not 

 to crowd immediately upon one another in 

 harvesting. Again, anotlier great advantage 

 in this kind of farming is obtained in the 

 small, or manageable amount of his crops, 

 so that he will be able to peribrm all the 

 harvesting witljin himself, without the e>c- 

 pense of hiring labour. 



To carry out this system of farming, much 

 attention must be paid to the raising and 

 keeping of good stock of every kind. From 

 the refuse of the crops, the straw, chafF, fod- 

 der, &c., can be fed a large number of ani- 

 mals, without any expense, which will al- 

 most be an entire gain. To clothe himself 

 and family, the requisite number of sheep 

 should be kept; for the purposes of milk, 

 beef, and farm labour, a certain number of 

 cows and oxen; and while he finds it neces- 

 sary to appropriate a part for the consump- 

 tion of his family, his stock is kept up from 

 the progressive increase, and at the same 

 time he is adding to his income, by the sale 

 of butter, hides, tallow, &c. 



Wc are already surprised at the facilities 

 ifforded to the farmer in the establishment 

 of woollen manufactories; within a day's 

 ride, the farmer can now take oft" his wool 

 and exchange it for ready made cloth, at a 

 much fairer advantage than he can manu- 

 facture it in his own family. 



With a well ordered system of manage- 

 ment, our country affords every advantage 

 and encouragement for the prudent and in- 

 dustrious, to become the happy, prosperous, 

 and independent freeman. While we are 

 surrounded with all the blessings that na- 

 ture can bestow, we cannot but stop and re- 

 flect on the suffering and death now wit- 

 nessed in all Europe, by a large mass of her 

 population. There we find a scarcity of the 

 necessaries of life, of which our luxuriant 

 soil affords an ample supply. 



A more befitting season than this, the 

 commencement of a new year, cannot be 



had, for us, who are comfortably situated at 

 the warm fire-side, in the possession and en- 

 joyment of those blessings, to extend with 

 open arms those aids to suffering millions, 

 that may result in a timely relief. 



But humanity compels me to take another 

 view of the evident suffering 1 see going on 

 among the comfortable and independent 

 fanners I have described. I mean the suf- 

 fering of liis cattle and animals. It is a no- 

 torious fict, known through all the West, 

 that farmers that were, previous to coming 

 to this country, kind and attentive to the 

 comtort of their animals, become negligent 

 and indifferent after residing in this country 

 for a length of time. It is almost univer- 

 sally the practice to let neat cattle and 

 sheep stand out, exposed to the blasts of the 

 elements, through the coldest weather we 

 experience. This practice is not only cruel 

 but inhuman, and cannot be too strongly re- 

 probated ; for, with a few exceptions, there 

 can be no excuse for it. Every farmer has 

 a sufficiency of straw around him, together 

 with other necessaries for erecting good 

 comfortable sheds, without any other ex- 

 pense than his own labour, which with little 

 repairs will remain good for years. If this 

 practice has become common from the influ- 

 ence of example, which we suppose to be 

 the case, it gives but little credit to him 

 that adopts it, for no prudent man will suffer 

 himself to be influenced by bad example. 

 Every farmer knows, or should know, that 

 it is as much his interest to make his ani- 

 mals comfortable, as it is his duty and plea- 

 sure to promote the enjoyment of his own 

 family; for it is upon them that his prosper- 

 ity and means of living depend. No animal 

 can thrive or keep in good plight, or yield 

 any income, when it is continually pinched 

 and frozen with the cold. It is a common 

 complaint among farmers' wives that they 

 get but little milk at this season of the 

 year. Is the thing to be wondered at, when 

 the cows are exposed to the pelting storms, 

 and covered with sleet and ice, as we fre- 

 quently see them 1 



In a future number we shall take up this 

 subject again ; in the mean time we hope 

 the reader who may be interested, will re- 

 flect on what has already been said. 



Andrew Stone, M. D. 

 Crown Point, Lake co., la. 

 Jan. 12th, 1847. 



A correspondent of the London Morning 

 Chronicle recommends Egyptian beans as a 

 nutritious and cheap article of food for the 

 poor. The American beans are equally 

 wholesome, and are free from dirt and wee- 

 vils; while the Egyptian beans are apt to be 

 foul. 



