218 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



Mat 



MUCK AM) UME— LEATHER SHAVINGS— TOVNO jble, by imparting the desired information ; and so 

 ORCHARD ON AN oi.L) 8ITE. j far gratify Far East. 



I wish to inquire through your paper, which is . February 25, 1851. 

 the^ best way, to mix lime with muck or loam ? Eemarks.— Of the Fall Pippin we can only fur- 



Are leather shavinL's, or sweepings of a shoe- L • l „„,. l u- i • \. ^ ^-l • .,. 



n„ ^nnrl fn nnt ^rn.^n.-l i.... P ^ " I "'^1^ >»" ^^^It a dozen scions J but the tree Itself 



may be found in most large nurseries. A few sci- 



Rhop, good to put around trees ? 



Will young trees do well set where there has 

 been an orchard ? b. s 



Remaijks.— Make a bed of the muck aid scatter 

 the lime over it, then another bed of 5 or G inches 

 i-hiekness, and so proceed. After it has be m in 

 that condition a few weeks overhaul it, and mix 

 tiMroug'hly. 



Whe leather sliavings should be used cautiously 

 about young trees, if u.^ed at all. We have no ex- 

 perience in 'the matter. Eut the shavings contain 

 a pretty strong acid which might be injurious. 



A youHg 'Orchard will grow well on the site of 

 an old one, if you manure and move the soil well. 



BEETS AND PARSNIPS. 



Mr. Editor: — ^^Can any one tell why so little at- 

 tention is given to the culture of the beet and pars- 

 nip ? Carrots are frequently awarded premiums 

 by our agricultural societies, but very seldom is a 

 premium awarded to these two articles ; either 

 from the fact that no one tries to raise them, or 

 because of failure somewhere. Will some one 

 that knows give me a hint ? 



cement pipes. 



In laying cement pipes, how thick must the 

 pipe be, with a bore of 1^ to 2 inches, to sustain 

 the pressure from a column of water sixty feet in 

 height, and what cement is the best for laying such 

 pipes ? 



BARLEY MEAL. 



Some one makes the inquiry in the Farmer, 

 what the effect of giving barley to milch cows will 

 be. A friend who has tried it, informs me that 

 barley fed to milch cows will fallen them, but, be- 

 ing of a dry, heating nature, will dry them up. If 

 you wish to dry up a cow to fat, give them barley; 

 if you wish to get an abundance of milk, give some- 

 thing more succulent, and of a different nature. 



Gree-nfield, March, 1857. J. S. s. 



ons of the Feltonville, Mass., apple, may probably 

 be obtained from Mr. G. S. Rawson, of that place. 



GRAFTLNG WAX. 



Noticing a recipe in your paper of last week from 

 the Keene,N. II., JVeivs, for making wax for graft- 

 ing, it occurred to me of a better way of making it. 

 I would, for various reasons, prefer linseed oil to 

 the use of tallow. The following is my recipe : — 

 Take one part linseed oil, two parts beeswax, and 

 six parts rosin ; varying a little in the quantity of 

 oil, if necessary, for a proper consistency ; in other 

 respects, I would follow the directions suggested in 

 . yours. s. D. w. 



Orange, March 3, 1857. 



LOSS OF PIGS AND MEADOW UXY. 



I see in the Monlhly Farmer for March, a com- 

 munication from C. C. Grant, of Andover, respect- 

 ing the loss of his pigs. Now 1 would like to in- 

 quire if his sow was not littered with meadow hay, 

 as that appears to be poison to pigs. 1 have known 

 several instances where pigs have died in a similar 

 way, and in every case meadow hay was used for 

 bedding. A case has just come to my knowledge 

 where wheat chaff was used for bedding. The pigs 

 began to fail, one died. The chaff was removed, 

 and straw substituted, and the remainder of the 

 pigs saved. Abel F. Adams. 



Fitchburg, 1857. 



FALL PIPPINS, and THE BROWN APPLE. 



To what purpose do you exhibit those beautiful 

 engravings of fruit in your journal ? Is it not to 

 tempt us readers to procure the fruit trees for our- 

 selves? Such being no doubt the intention, I am 

 emboldened to ask your assistance in effecting that 

 object, by informing my agents, Messrs. Nourse, 

 Mason & Co., where to obtain a tree of the verita- 

 ble Reinette Blanche apple, which you possess 

 growing by your door, and which fruit is depicted 

 at page 561 of your December number, 1856. Al- 

 so, a tree, or scions of the new apple, from Felton- 

 ville, which appears at page 513 of the November 

 number, in 1854. 



I have been, for years past, making endeavors <o 

 form a collection of fruit trees of every desirable 

 variety, with the view of ascertaining such as are 

 adapted to our climate, in this far off and frigid 

 corner of the habitable globe. No doubt I am a 

 torment to N., M. & Co., and I hope you will 

 kindly lend them your aid, and alienate their trou- 



KEEP FRUIT TREES STRAIGHT. 



Trees in an open exposure often acquire a lean- 

 ing position from the prevailing winds. This should 

 not be suffered beyond a certain stage of the tree. 

 When as large as one's wrist, they should be set up 

 erect, and, indeed, thrown into the wind at an angle 

 of ten or fifteen degrees ; in order to bring them 

 ultimately into a straight position. This is best done 

 by obtaining crotched limbs from the woods, eight 

 to twelve feet long, and placing the butt end, which 

 should be shar])ened,on the ground, and the crofth 

 end either against the trunk, immediately beneath 

 the branching point, or against a large outer limb, 

 if more convenient, securing it from chafing in the 

 crotch, by a padding of straw, or litter, and setting 

 the tree at once up to the desired angle of eleva- 

 tion. Loosen, also, the ground on the windward 

 side of the root so that it will not bind, and the 

 work is accomplished. Let this be done when the 

 tree begins to make its summer growth, or soon af- 

 ter leafing out. One season, if the tree is thrifty, 

 will be all that is required. If, however, it be ob- 

 stinate, repeat the trial another year. The remedy 

 is sure. Even large trees, which have acquired a 

 permanent lean, may be thrown into an erect pos- 

 ture, by loosening the earth at the root, and occa- 

 sionally cutting off an obstinate large root, without 

 injury to its growth, and thus be made sightly. An 

 erect tree will be longer lived, and more fruitful 

 than a leaning one, and not half so subject to casu- 

 alty as if left to its own guidance. — Exchange. 



