No. 10. 



Cheese Dairies. 



313 



to the same result in the human family. It 

 seems to be a law of universal nature, that 

 plethora and surfeit tend sometimes to pro- 

 duce, that is, to originate disease, while it 

 always tends to hasten the development of 

 all diseased tendencies, while a barely suffi- 

 cient diet often postpones the fatal hour both 

 in the animal and vegetable world. Starva- 

 tion also, doubtless, produces the same re- 

 sults as plethora. Hence wrong management 

 and diseased tendencies may be expected to 

 show their final result soonest on the richest 

 and on the poorest soils — ^that is where there 

 is the greatest and the smallest amount of 

 the appropriate food for a given plant. 



In addition to the above considerations re- 

 specting the vitality of seeds and the effect 

 of soil, &c , it ought not to be forgotten that 

 nature has appointed a certain equilibrium 

 between the root and the top, and also be- 

 tween the length of the trunk and the top, 

 which cannot be disturbed with impunity. 

 There are certain laws, also, connecting the 

 shape of the top with that of the root, of the 

 greatest importance to the nurseryman — all 

 of which are more or less disturbed and 

 thwarted by the existing absurd modes of 

 grafting and pruning. In my next paper I 

 shall attempt to apply the above principles 

 to the well known blight in the pear and the 

 cherry, in the west, and the present wretch- 

 ed condition of many of our apple orchards 

 — Horlicullurist. 



Cheese Dairies. 



The following extracts are made from a Report to 

 the New York State Agricultural Society, kindly for- 

 warded by our friend B. P. Johnson, the Secretary.— 

 Ed. 



The manufacture of cheese both for the 

 domestic and foreign markets, is increasing 

 rapidly in this State, and is becoming a 

 source of wealth to our farmers, and adds 

 much to the income from our internal chan- 

 nels of communication. The importance 

 then of securing the largest yield, and a su- 

 perior article for market, is apparent. From 

 all the means of information which has 

 reached the committee, they are satisfied 

 that an improvement is making in each of 

 these particulars, though slowly. 



First in importance in the management of 

 a dairy, after the necessary buildings are 

 prepared, which should be of such dimen- 

 sions as to afford room for all the operations 

 without inconvenience, is cleanliness in every 

 thing connected with it. "Cleanliness may 

 be said to be not only necessary in dairy hus- 

 bandry, but to be the foundation of it, and the 

 most indispensable part of good management. 

 A farmer may be in possession of the most 



valuable breed of cows, and these may be 

 fed on the richest pastures, but unless clean- 

 liness prevail in the dairy, his butter or his 

 cheese will never stand high in general esti- 

 mation." 



The increasing importance of the dairy 

 interest demands from this Society all the 

 encouragement they can give to this branch 

 of agricultural industry. From our location, 

 and the peculiar adaptation of most of our 

 State to the raising of stock and for dairy 

 purposes, it is becoming a question of deep 

 interest to our farmers, in what manner their 

 farms shall be cultivated. The great empo- 

 rium of our own State, and the numerous 

 towns in New England, studded with manu- 

 factories, are opening increasing markets for 

 our beef, butter and cheese, and the experi- 

 ence of the last few years has abundantly 

 proved, that the farms devoted to the dairy 

 have yielded a larger return than any other, 

 when they have been managed with care 

 and economy. The competition from the 

 western States in our grain markets, has 

 tended to render the products of the grain 

 farms somewhat less lucrative than formerly. 

 Our soil and climate are well adapted to In- 

 dian corn, and there is no more valuable food 

 for fattening animals, it is believed, than this, 

 and its usefulness for soiling when sown 

 broadcast or in drills, is unsurpassed. We 

 would, therefore, call the attention of our 

 farmers to the importance of directing their 

 energies so as to secure the best returns from 

 their investments. Our rail-roads, canals, 

 and plank roads, are opening speedy and safe 

 channels of communications to the seaboard; 

 and when the rail-roads now in progress shall 

 be completed, two unbroken channels of com- 

 munication from Lakes Erie and Ontario to 

 the ocean will be secured. The cattle and 

 the products of the dairy will then find a 

 ready, and it is hoped, eventually a cheap 

 transit to the market at all seasons. How 

 important, then, that in these departments, 

 in which for a long time to come, there will 

 a demand exist at home and abroad, for all 

 our supply, vigorous efforts should be made 

 to bring cur land, especially in the eastern, 

 central, and southern counties into a suitable 

 condition for grazing. 



The selection of cows best suited to the 

 dairy must be attended to, if success is ex- 

 pected. Experience has proved that the 

 milk of some cows has a much thicker con- 

 sistence and richer quality than others, and 

 he that would be successful in securing a 

 large yield from his dairy, must give atten- 

 tion to this; and when he has succeeded in 

 obtaining cows suited to his purpose, care 

 should be taken to breed from these, so as to 

 continue the same superiority in his stock. 



