No. 10. 



Rearing and Feeding Calves. 



321 



cedes it, are correct, the surplus wheat crop 

 of the United States is more than sufficient 

 to supply the ordinary deficiencies ofall that 

 portion of the world which is likely, under 

 any circumstances, to require it. 



The principal jrrain-exportinaf countries in 

 Europe appear to be Russia, Prussia, Den- 

 mark and Sicily; in Asia, Syria; in Afric.i, 

 Egypt. Two estimates of the exports of these 

 countries are given in the report. The first 

 was prepared tor the London Mark Lane Ex- 

 press, in April of last year, and includes — as 

 we understand it — all descriptions of grain 



Bushels, 

 10,000,000 

 12,000,000 

 4000,(100 

 4,000,000 



i,eoo,ooo 



Countries. 

 Russia on the Black Sea, 

 " " Danube, 



" " Northern Ports, 



Egypt and Syria, 



Prussian Pomerania and Danish ports on 

 tlie Baltic, 



37,600,000 



Mr. Burk infers that the whole quantity of 

 wheat for exportation, by the grain export- 

 ing countries of the world, excluding the 

 United States, is not far from 20,000,000 

 bushels, and that the great rival of the 

 United States is Russia. 



She produces the most and sells it the 

 cheapest, certainly at the port of Odessa on 

 the Black Sea. She has, however, but few 

 ports and lier transportations from the inte- 

 rior are not so great as those possessed by 

 the United States. It is doubtful, too, whe- 

 ther Russia can produce grain cheaper than 

 the Western States of the American Union. 

 From inquiries submitted during the last 

 summer, it appears that the cost of growing 

 wheat in the United States is as follows : 



In New Hampshire, 

 New York, Western, 

 Pennsylvania, 

 Ohio, Northern, 

 Michigan, 

 Indiana, 



$1 10 per bushel 

 64 

 GO 

 50 



28 to G7i " 

 25 to 35 " 



These sums include every expense — inte- 

 rest on the value of the land being one idem 

 — which attends the cultivation of wheat, 

 from the preparation of the land to thrashing 

 and storing; of course the cost varies in dif- 

 ferent years in proportion as the harvest is 

 abundant or scarce. For example, the cost 

 of raising a bushel of wheat in Michigan is 

 given from four years' actual observation, 

 and was as follows: — first year a bushel cost 

 the grower, 27^ cents.; second year, 36 4-5 

 cents.; third year, 28 cents.; fourth year, 30 

 cents. 



In view of the facts above stated, it is con- 

 fidently believed, that the grain growers of 

 the United States can successfully compete 

 with those of any other nation in the great 

 corn marts of the world. — BicknelVs Re- 

 porter. 



Rearing and Feeding Calves. 



Having had thirty-four years' experience 

 in rearing calves, I hope you will excuse the 

 liberty I take in sending you the following 

 account of my practice — especially as I have 

 found my method so much better than allow- 

 ing the calves to suck their mothers. Whe- 

 ther the animals were intended for keepers, 

 or feeders, I have always found that my me- 

 thod brings them soonest to perfection. It 

 is shortly this: 



1. For the first week the calf receives 

 daily six quarts of new milk, as warm as it 

 comes from the cow, in three portions — at 

 morning, noon, and night. I carefully ad- 

 here to these three times of feeding for the 

 first twelve weeks. 



2. In the second week the milk is in- 

 creased by half a pint at each feeding time; 

 so that the calf receives, according to its 

 strength, not less than six and three-quarters 

 to seven quarts a day. 



3. In the third week the calf no longer 

 receives new milk, but the milk of the pre- 

 vious day skimmed; always taking care to 

 warm the milk slightly, and at the same 

 time increasing the quantity, so that the 

 daily ratio.T is now seven and a half quarts. 

 I also commence at this time to introduce 

 into the drink small portions of boiled lin- 

 seed, or linseed meal and crushed peas.* 



4. I proceed in the same manner in the 

 fourth, fifth and sixth weeks, except that the 

 milk is increased each week by half a pint 

 at every feeding time, so that in the fourth 

 week the calf receives eight and a quarter, 

 in the fifth nine, and in the sixth nine and 

 three-quarter quarts of milk daily; the ani- 

 mals also receiving more and more linseed 

 meal, crushed peas, or rye meal in their 

 drinks, which are always lukewarm. 



5. In the next six weeks I gave them 

 their food cold — with, however, more of 

 these mixtures; the latter are always in- 

 creased with the quantity of the milk, be- 

 cause too much liquid food is very apt to 

 make the calves poor and pot-bellied. Du- 

 ring this period I also take from them a por- 

 tion of their milk, adding in its place such a 

 portion of the linseed or other substances 

 mixed with warm water as still to make the 

 total quantity of each day's drink — increased, 

 as I have said before, by half a pint at each 

 meal — in the seventh week ten and a half 

 quarts, and in the twelfth week fourteen and 

 a quarter quarts per day. 



6. Whoever pays proper attention to the 

 feediiisr of his cattle will soon discover whe- 



* Corn meal might be substituted for flaxseed, and 

 for beans or other meal. 



