No. 3. 



Centre-draught Plough. — Duties of the Physician. 



81 



ber, but we do not ■dignify them with the 

 name of rivers; we call them creeks or 

 bayous. With us it takes a river to make a 

 river. 



In 1790, no State had been erected in this 

 valley. Not including the population of the 

 western section of New York, Pennsylva- 

 nia and Virginia, its population was then 

 only 108,868; not equal to that of Bedford- 

 shire, in England. In 1800, it contained 

 two States — population 385,647; nearly 

 equal to that of Cheshire, in England. In 

 1810, it contained three States — population 

 1,099,160 ; nearly equal to the West Riding 

 of Yorkshire. In 1820, it contained six 

 States — population 2,217,464; nearly equal 

 to that of Scotland. In 1830, it contained 

 nine States — population 3,672,479; more 

 than that of Scotland and Wales. In 1840, 

 it contained eleven States — population, in- 

 cluding that of the western sections of New 

 York, Pennsylvania and Virginia, 8,434, 

 749; being more than that of Scotland, 

 Wales, both the Canadas, all the British 

 West India islands, Australia, and the West 

 Riding of Yorkshire. — National Intelli- 

 gencer. 



For the Farmers' Cabinet. 



Centre-draught Plough. 



Mr. Editor, — Prouty's Centre-draught 

 plough is so greatly superior to any other, 

 in every point of view which makes a plough 

 valuable, hut one, that it is desirable it should 

 get into more general use; but the defect to 

 which I refer, is fatal to it: — it is a right- 

 handed plough. In this, among tlie best 

 agricultural districts in the State of Penn- 

 sylvania, there is scarcely such a thing 

 to be found as a right-handed plough ; man, 

 boy, and horse, are wholly unaccustomed to 

 them; and with deference to the opin- 

 ions of others, I think it desirable tliat they 

 should keep so. In the use of the left- 

 handed plough, the lead-horse walks in the 

 furrow; hence, with horses at all accustomed 

 to work, there is no driving to be done — the 

 path of the leader is so distinctly marked, 

 that he never deviates from it; but, with the 

 right-handed plough, the lead-horse walks 

 upon the sod or unploughed ground, afford- 

 ing him an opportunity to stray to the right 

 or left, as his carelessness, the inequality of 

 the ground, or any other cause may mduce. 

 Any ploughman, good or bad, and especially 

 the latter, will always make better work 

 with a left, than a right-handed plough. I 

 am convinced that with the Centre-draught 

 plough we can break up a clover sod with 

 as much ease to two horses, as tlu'ee can do 

 it with the best plough of any other kind we 



have ; and that hundreds of them could be 

 sold in this county, if the defect which I 

 speak of were remedied. And the same 

 alteration should be made in the Subsoil 

 plough. Yours, &c., 



F. W. 



Carlisle, Pa., Sept. Stii, 1843. 



Moral duties of the Physician. 



We find the following extract from Dr. Bartlett'a 

 Valedictory to the graduates of Transylvania Univer- 

 sity, in the June number of the Boston Medical and 

 Surgical Journal. There is much beyond its poetry 

 and seeming romance, to recommend it to our admira- 

 tion. If we would follow the impulses of duty— the 

 noblest principle of human action— there is no ques- 

 tion but we may sometimes be led in paths of such 

 inmiinent danger, as seem to point almost to self sac- 

 rifice. An approving conscience may be all sufficient 

 to sustain us in these positions of trial: yet it is rea- 

 sonable to suppose, our energies may be invigorated 

 by the reflection, that there are those around us, whom 

 the most worthy may venerate, and who are capable 

 of appreciating the nature and the value of the sacri- 

 fice, we are laying upon the shrine of duty. — Ed. 



The last motive of which I shall speak, 

 and under whose promptings, to a greater 

 or less extent, you will perform your profes- 

 sional labours, is the sense of duty, This 

 is the loftiest and noblest principle of human 

 conduct, and when enlightened and pure, it 

 is the safest. I do not stand here as a ser- 

 monizer. Such is not my vocation. I med- » 

 die in no way with your religious belief. I 

 have nothing, whatever, to do with your ar- 

 ticles of faith, or your religious creeds. 

 These rest between yourselves and your 

 Maker. To his own master every man 

 standeth or falleth. But this great truth, of 

 the supremacy of the religious and moral 

 nature, God has written as legibly in the 

 very constitution of humanity, as he has in 

 his own inspired and authenticated volume. 

 True science and revelation mingle their 

 accordant voices in the proclamation of this 

 transcendent verity. They alike declare 

 that human character attains its fullest de- 

 velopment, and reaches its highest perfec- 

 tion, on one sole, inevitable condition — and 

 that is, the ascendency of these powers. 

 Unsullied integrity, truth, purity, honour 

 that can take no stain, self-sacrifice, doing 

 unto others as we would that they should do 

 unto us, justice, charity, philanthropy, love 

 — have not these ever constituted, do they 

 riot still constitute, the strength, the grace, 

 the glory, the ornament of humanity? And 

 in the practice of our own art, they are as 

 essential to ihe largest success and the high- 

 est happiness, as in any of the walks of life. 

 I rejoice that we belong to a profession, so 



