116 



Remarks on Transplanting. 



Vol. VIII. 



as also for clothiers' use, the high duty will 

 not, we think, prevent its introduction, as it 

 still will rule at a lower price than Olive 

 oil. The pure white limpid Lard oil, tree 

 from odour, ranks highest with us, and 

 should be in good oak, iron-bound casks or 

 barrels, with painted or white-washed ends. 



Cheese. — Of all articles of American pro- 

 duction this has met thus far with the most 

 favourable reception ; large quantities of all 

 qualities have been received since tlie new 

 Tariff came into operation, which, generally 

 speaking, have been taken oft" with rapidity. 

 Really good, mild, fine, large cheese, is con- 

 stantly in demand, and ready of sale, the 

 commoner qualities move oft' nearly as ra- 

 pidly for consumption amongst the lower 

 classes; and now that we are about to ex- 

 perience an extensive revival in the trade 

 of our manufacturing districts, we are of 

 opinion that we shall see a greater demand 

 than ever, during the coming year. Large 

 cheese of say 60 lbs. and upwards, are in 

 much favour, and should be in boxes, while 

 the smaller will do in casks. They should 

 be perfectly sound, well pressed, and free 

 from the rennetty flavour, as well as from 

 what we call pasture flavour, and witliout 

 colour. If shipped new, the edges should be 

 bound round with thin canvass to prevent 

 cracking. Cheese a year old, is much more 

 desirable than the new. 



Butter. — Our duty is so high on this arti- 

 cle — 20s. per cwt. and five percent, added — 

 that we can only encourage the shipment of 

 it for sale in bond, that is, for exportation 

 without paying the duty. It should be 

 packed in firkins of 45 to 60 lbs., laid in 

 layers, with a small quantity of salt between, 

 and the firkins filled with pickle. The colour 

 should be the natural one. 



Tongues. — Neats and pigs tongues, are 

 of considerable sale if nicely cured, so as 

 not to be hard. Salt-petre should be used 

 to give them a fine red colour. They should 

 be trimmed of all the root excepting the fat 

 on the under side. The Neats tongues may 

 be in barrels of 200 lbs., and half barrels of 

 100 lbs. The pigs tongues should be in 

 very nice full-bound half barrels, of 100 lbs., 

 and both handsomely marked on the heads, 

 with the packer's name. 



Liverpool, England, Aug., 1843. 



Remarks on Transplanting Trees. 



It is frequently the case, that a tree which 

 has received all the care and attention which 

 can be bestowed upon it by the most experi- 

 enced nurseryman, is transplanted to a soil 

 of very inferior character, and being thus 

 stunted in its growth, is the frequent cause 



of dissatisfaction to the purchaser. The 

 planter should therefore bear in mind, that 

 it is impossible for the soil in which a tree is 

 planted, to be too rich, and that the rapidity 

 of its growth and its subsequent productive- 

 ness, are very much influenced by the pro- 

 portion of fertilizing matter contained in the 

 soil. 



For planting an orchard, the ground should 

 be well cultivated before and after the trees 

 are planted, and as highly manured as the 

 means of the cultivator will admit. It is 

 impossible for a tree to flourish, as it should, 

 when the roots are surrounded and covered 

 with a thick sod. When the tree is i.solated, 

 as in a garden or lawn, a rich compost of 

 earth and manure should be dug in around 

 the tree, care being taken that no pure ma- 

 nure be allowed to come immediately in 

 contact with the roots. The ground about 

 these, also, for the space of two or three 

 feet, should be kept mellow until the tree is 

 of large size, and it would also be well to 

 dig in a portion of manure about the roots 

 every Spring. 



Many of the most experienced cultivators 

 regard the Fall, immediately after the first 

 hard frost has arrested the growth, as the 

 best season for transplanting every variety 

 of trees but evergreens, which should be 

 planted during the last days of Spring, or 

 the first of Summer. Where, however, it 

 is not convenient for the cultivator to give 

 them attention in the Fall, deciduous trees 

 may be deferred until Spring. 



The reason of this preference for the Au- 

 tumn is obvious; when trees are transplanted 

 at that season, the earth becomes, during the 

 winter, properly settled about the roots, and 

 they are ready to throw out fibres in the 

 Spring. The Spring is preferred for ever- 

 greens, for the reason that their period of 

 hibernation differs from that of deciduous 

 trees, and experience has shown that they 

 succeed best when thus planted. When a 

 tree is removed, great care should be taken 

 to preserve the roots uninjured and entire ; 

 if this precaution has not been observed, 

 the tops should be lessened in proportion to 

 the loss sustained by the roots. 



When the tree has been some time out 

 of the ground, it is well to immerse the bo- 

 dies and roots in water for about twenty- 

 four hours; this will much benefit the tree, 

 and advance its vfegetation. The holes for 

 receiving them should be sufficiently large 

 to admit the roots without crowding or bend- 

 ing, — from three to six feet in diameter, and 

 from one to two feet deep, accordmg to the 

 size of the trees. The subsoil should be en- 

 tirely removed to this depth, and its place 

 filled with rich mould, well combined with 



