10 



THE GENESEE FARMER. 



these and other experiments that clover needs more 

 phosphates and alkalies (potash and soda) in the 

 soil than are needed hy the grasses. This has been 

 clearly proved to be the case in regard to wheat, 

 wHich is botanically a grass, and is probably true 

 of barley, oats and rye, as well as of timothy and 

 other grasses. 



The one distinct result of these experiments, is 

 that the manures which have the 

 greatest effect on grass land must be 

 rich in ammonia. The way to get such 

 manure T is not to buy sulphate of am- 

 monia, but to feed out to the animals 

 on the farm plenty of clover hay, peas, 

 oilcake, etc. This will give a manure 

 rich in ammonia, as well as in phos- 

 phates, potash, soda, and all other in- 

 gredients of plant-food. Such manure 

 will be good on grass land, good for 

 com, good for wheat — good, in fact, 

 for every crop that is grown on the farm. 



As to the economy of using ashes, plaster, salt, 

 superphosphate, and other mineral manures on 

 grass land, each reader must judge for himself. 

 Our own opinion is that such manures are better 

 for leguminous plants, such as clover, beans and 

 peas, than for the ceralia, wheat, .barley, oats, rye, 

 timothy, etc. 



No. 3. Pump. 



No. 4. Lead pipe, conveying the mixture to 

 farmyard trough. 



No. 5. Pump water-pipe flowing rapidly into 

 No. 1, and disturbing the mixture. 



No. 6. Water level in No. 1 trough. 



It is important the troughs should be a good size 

 — the larger the better — and fully three feet deep - 7 



SOLUBLE FOOD FOE STOCK. 



The Journal of the Eoyal Agricultural Society 

 contains an article showing the advantages of sup- 

 plying animals with water in which meal has been 

 dissolved. The writer says: "Knowing well the 

 advantage of giving a jaded horse a drink of meal 

 and water, 1 concluded it would answer equally 

 well to keep my water-trough in the farmyard con- 

 tinually supplied with any kind of meal that happen- 

 ed to be in readiness — such as raj e and linseed cakes 

 in powder, ground beans, barley, etc. Water is a 

 powerful solvent, and the nutritious properties con- 

 tained in the meal must necessarily be found in a 

 state of solution, and available for the stock of all 

 kinds drinking at the trough." 



The method employed to provide the stock with 

 the meal and water is shown in the accompanying 

 diagram. 



No. 1 is the water-trough nearest the pump, 

 into which the meal should be first received; it 

 should always stand half lull of water. 



No. 2. Farm-yard trough, containing the meal 

 and water, at which young and old stock drink 

 daily. 



but this must depend on the quantity of water re- 

 quired. The trough (No. 2) should be placed a few 

 inches higher than No. 1, to prevent the per- 

 son pumping from letting the mixture run over 

 and causing waste. The pipe (No. 4) should not 

 be less than l|-inch bore, and protected from frost. 

 This plan of preparing soluble food for stock is 

 attended with the additional labor only of putting 

 the meal into No. 1. All the rest is self actings 

 the water being set in motion by its own gravity. 

 Some experience is necessary to determine the 

 quantity of meal used ; perhaps half a pound per 

 head per day would be a fair allowance- 



CnuKNiNG in Winter. — You can not get butter 

 out of milk, if there is none in it. Feed the cows 

 well, and thus secure good milk, and there is not 

 much trouble in churning even in winter. Keep 

 the cream in a warm room till it turns somewhat 

 sour. Let the churn be scalded before putting in 

 the cream, so that it will be well heated through 

 and not cool the cream. Let the cream be at a 

 temperature of 65 to 70°, and there will not be 

 much difficulty in making the butter come. We 

 see it stated that if a little rennet is added to the 

 cream just before churning, it will help materially. 

 We think this quite likely, as it would help to gen- 

 erate lactic acid. But do not put in too much. 



Peofits of Bees. — S. N. Grant, of Iowa, says 

 he is satisfied that, with proper care, a swarm of 

 bees will yield as much profit as a cow. They pro- 

 vide their own food, and come home at night, and 

 are little or no trouble. 



