54 



TEE GENESEE FAEMEE. 



WHAT IT COSTS 10 SEND CORN FROM NEW YORK 

 TO LIVERPOOL. 



Eds. Genesee Farmer :— Any information in 

 regard to the charges consequent on the exporta- 

 tion of corn, may not be uninteresting to some of 

 your readers. 



On a recent shipment to Liverpool, England, 

 these amounted to thirty cents per bushel, of fifty - 

 six pounds, after the com was on board in the port 

 of Neio York, and comprised freight, primage, 

 insurance, duty, town and dock dues, porterage, 

 landing and commission. As it was sold on arri- 

 val, there was neither cartage nor storage to 

 include. The three first, and the last, of these 

 items, may be more or less, according to circum- 

 stances. In this instance, the freight was twenty 

 cents per bushel, and the primage five per cent on 

 the freight; the insurance, including the war risk, 

 was one and three-quarters percent, on the amount 

 insured ; and the commission and guarantee three 

 per cent, on the gross proceeds of the sale — the 

 usual charge, however, is four per cent. 



In New York a bushel of corn is fifty-six pounds ; 

 in Liverpool it is sixty pounds. There is, more- 

 over, a loss of about one per cent. 



The owner has to allow interest at the rate of 

 five per cent, per annum, on the charges, not 

 including commission, from the time of landing to 

 the time of sale ; and three month's interest at the 

 same rate, on the gross proceeds of the sale, less 

 the commission, in consideration of prompt pay- 

 ment. JOnN BRADFIELD. 



THE POTATO DISEASE— EARLY DIGGING AGAIN. 



SUGAR CANE AT THE WEST. 



In the January number of the Farmer, a corre- 

 spondent, "D.," of Gates, says that the potato 

 disease prevails to a considerable extent in his lo- 

 cality, and wishes to compare notes with others, 

 as to the prevalence of the disease, and also as to 

 the policy of early digging. I respond by saying 

 that the rot is very bad in this vicinity. I raise 

 several varieties, some of which, as the Carter, 

 Mountain June, Lake Erie Red, or Western Red, 

 have suffered severely, while the Purple Mercers, 

 White Kidney, (early; a variety of Pink Eye, orig- 

 inated by myself,) and the Jenny Lind, or Multi- 

 plier, rotted but very little. I dug a part of my 

 Lake Eries in September; they have not rotted 

 nearly as bad as the same variety dug the latter 

 part of October. The Carters were not dug until 

 the last of October, and I have lost the seed. 

 Some of my neighbors who have raised the Peach 

 Blow and Davis Seedling, say that they have rot- 

 ted but little, while other varieties on the same 

 ground were badly affected. The tops of my Jen- 

 ny Linds remained green until they were killed by 

 the frost, (Oct. 27). It is a late variety. One of 

 them weighed exactly four pounds. I hope others 

 will respond to " D.'s" request. w. h. 



ITorih Almond, N. Y. Jan. 15, 1862. 



Eds. Genesee Farmer : — Sorgho sucre, or Chi- 

 nese sugar cane, the seeds of which were so exten- 

 sively distributed several years ago by the Patent 

 Office, has proven so fully successful that great 

 preparations are making for its production the 

 present year. In this county very many farmers 

 made last year from fifty to five hundred gallons — 

 frequently averaging from two hundred to two 

 hundred and fifty gallons per acre. Much confi- 

 dence is felt in its complete success, not only as a 

 syrup-producing plant, but also in its ultimately 

 producing sugar. 



At Rockford, in Winnebago county, and at Earl, 

 in La Salle county, large manufactories have been 

 established which produced from the last year's 

 crop, many thousand gallons of syrup. P. W. 

 Gates, Esq., of Chicago, exhibited and operated, 

 at the Illinois State Fair, and at our own and oth- 

 er county fairs, a small steam engine which ran 

 the crushers, while the steam evaporated the juice 

 instead of its being done over a fire. 



A refinery has now been established in Chicago, 

 which dessicates the syrup so perfectly that it is 

 fully equal, for any purpose, to the best refined 

 Cuba syrups. We hope to be able to supply a 

 lively demand with prairie plantation syrup, next 

 fall. g. 



Amhoy, 111., Jan. Yifh, 1862. 



^ i ^ 



Garget in Cows. — I. W. Sanborn, of Vermont, 

 ,. informs us that one of the most simple and effec- 

 tual preventives and cures for garget in milch cows, 

 is beans, ground and fed as provender. Try it. 



TIGHT BARNS. 



Eds. Farmer: — In the January number of the 

 Farmer, is a piece entitled " Tight Barns." With 

 the sentiment of that piece I fully agree, yet I am 

 afraid it may produce a mania among our tight 

 barn farmers, common in this section of the coun- 

 try. Allow me to give you an illustration of our 

 " tight barns!" You go into one of them these 

 cold, frosty mornings, and you will see the cattle 

 stand rounded up, with their sides covered with 

 frost, and the manure behind them frozen solid ; 

 also a liberal coating on either flank, which serves 

 instead of straw for bedding. This neglectful 

 practice is altogether too common. Would it not 

 be better to take a portion of the straw given to 

 the cattle as food, and use it as bedding? Would 

 it not be a saving of food? Every one knows — or 

 ought to know, that cattle kept warm, eat less 

 than those kept as above ; even these " tight barn' r 

 farmers, let them but consider, and they will agree 

 with me there. Then why not batten an extra 

 board on your barns, around your cattle ? It will 

 pay well. e. folsom. 



Harmony, Maine. 



Premium Turnip Crops in Canada. — Having 

 noticed in the Genesee Farmer several accounts 

 of premium turnip crops for 1861, I will add anoth- 

 er to the number. Our county Agricultural Soci- 

 ety having offered liberal premiums for the best 

 one and two acres of turnips, I send you the names 

 of the successful competitors, and the number of 

 bushels grown per acre : 



FOR THE BEST TWO ACRES. 



1st Prize, Robert Merriman 1,408 bushels per acre. 



2nd " Arthur Pollard 1.170 " " " 



3d " William Barber 1,010 « " « 



FOR TnE BEST ONE ACRE. 



1st Prize, Thomas Penhale 1,056 bushels per acre. 



2nd " I. N. Hunt 973 •' " « 



8d " James Casey 8S5 « - " « 



East Riding, Elgin Co., G. W. LYMAU LEWIS. 



