THE GENESEE FARMER. 



215 



turns being Letter from the lots where the manure 

 was either plowed in shallow or harrowed in, than 

 from where it was plowed in deep or left on the 

 surface — though the results from the latter were 

 better than from the deep burying. But it should 

 be borne in mind that these are only the results of 

 one season, and that the produce of the same lots 

 must be compared in sevaral succeeding years be- 

 fore we can assume that the advantages of either 

 deep or shallow manuring are demonstrated. In re- 

 gard to the experiments, it is observed that, "in 

 order to have a completely satisfactory result, suf- 

 ficient manure, say not less than ten or twelve cords 

 of barn-yard manure, or its equivalent, shculd be 

 applied to the acre; enough, at all events, to have 

 the effects of it felt during the period of the trial." 



Some trials in the application of manures by the 

 late B. V. French, of Bramtree, are alluded to. 

 In plowing a piece of sward ground, he plowed in 

 manure at the rate of about ten cords to the acre 

 on a portion of it. It was green, strong manure, 

 just from the stable, and he took much pains to 

 have it placed in the furrow, so that it should be 

 fairly buried to the depth which the plow ran, 

 which was not less than eight inches. We can 

 state these points with some particularity, as we 

 have often heard Mr. French describe the experi- 

 ment, and have been with him over the held where 

 it was made. As we have said, it was on only a 

 part of the field that the manure was put in the 

 furrows. After it was all plowed, it was all manur- 

 ed alike and the manure worked in slightly. None 

 of the succeeding crops for several years showed 

 any advantage in favor of the part where the ma- 

 nure was put in the furrows, and Mr. F. used to 

 say that he believed the manure which was thus 

 deposited " was as completely lost as if it had been 

 dropped into the dock at the end of Long Wharf." 



The soil in this case was rather cold, and for a 

 considerable portion of the year, too, wet. The 

 space at the bottom of the furrows formed chan- 

 nels for drainage, and the water coming into imme- 

 diate contact with the manure probably carried off 

 its soluble elements. — Boston Cultivator. 



Hoe the Turnips. — One great reason why many 

 do net succeed in raising turnips is, that they ne- 

 glect to hoe them. They should be thinned out to 

 about one foot apart- If sowen broadcast, passing 

 the harrow over them is better than nothing, but 

 hoeing is the only certain method of thinning them 

 out properly and keeping down the weeds. 



Short-horns in France. — The Durhams, or, 

 more correctly, Short-horns, are making great pro- 

 gress in France. It is some thirty years since the 

 first importations were made into that country, and 

 now there are some 1,600 animals and about 143 

 breeders registered in the French Durham Herd- 

 book. 



Plow Land Twice for Buckwheat. — S. Ed- 

 wards Todd says that, in his experience, no crop 

 pays better for twice plowing than buckwheat, 

 lie would plow sod ground in May and again in 

 July, when the buckwheat is sown. 



MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURE. 



Massachusetts is a small state in territory. There 

 are but three of the sister states behind her in this 

 respect. Divide the State of New York into 

 parcels of equal dimensions, and she would give 

 six states. Virginia is eight and one-halt times 

 as large ; Missouri has nine times as much land. — 

 Texas could spread twenty-nine such states on her 

 soil without crowding them, and California has a 

 lap capacious enough to hold twenty-five such 

 states. She has the most sea-coast in proportion 

 to her size, of any state in the Union, excepting 

 perhaps the peninsula of Florida, the Atlantic 

 forming the whole of her eastern and lull one- 

 fourth of her southern boundary. This exposes 

 her to the blasting influence of east winds at all 

 seasons of the year. 



Her soil is of all elevations, from the level of 

 the ocean to the summit of Graylock, in Berkshire, 

 3,500 feet above tide-water. Her natural produc- 

 tions were heavy forests, rocks and ice. The 

 former have yielded to the progress of civilazation 

 and the arts. Her rocks gave firm footing to the 

 Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth, and have 

 become enduring monuments of the country's his- 

 tory, at Bunker Hill and in Charleston harbor — 

 Her ice has become an article of traffic in India 

 and throughout the tropical regions. 



She has sent forth her sons and daughters into 

 all lands, and is liberally represented in all the 

 settled portions of the North and West. Still, she 

 has now on her small farm, a home population of a 

 million and a fourth of inhabitants, ranking the 

 sixth state in the Union in free population. Still 

 she has room and ample employment for more. 



Her soil is hard, but yields liberally to the skill 

 of the cultivator. Her winters are long, extending 

 almost to the dawning of summer. Her springs 

 are short, and the transitions they produce resem- 

 ble the work of magic. Her autumns are long 

 and beautiful — some portions of them magnificent 

 through beauty of her scenery. — Co. Cent. 



BEANS FOR HCGS. 



Eds. Gen. Farmer : — P. Q. is out with his lan- 

 tern in search of the man who knows beans — as 

 food for stock. 



In the winter of 1859, 1 fed about twenty barrels 

 of refuse beans to hogs, with a good degree of 

 success. My object was not so much to fatten the 

 animals as to keep them in fine condition. The 

 beans were purchased of wholesale dealers, mostly 

 the mere refuse of their lots, at about $1.25 per 

 barrel. 



I threw them into water in lots of half a bushel 

 each, and left them to soak about thirty-six hours, 

 after which the water was thoroughly drained off 

 and the beans rinsed when they would often ap- 

 pear of a quality but little inferior to those brought 

 to table — the defect of refuse beans being usually 

 limited to the skin. The beans were then poured 

 into a large boiler, holding upward of a barrel, a 

 liberal supply of beef or pork scraps was added, a 

 small quantity of meal thrown in, and the whole 

 boiled until the beans were thoroughly cooked. 

 In this way I brought sixteen porkers to "know 

 beans," and consume them, too. 



MarUehead, Mass. J. J. H. GREGORY. 



