THE GENESEE FARRIER. 



221 



SUMMER PRUNING OF GRAPE VINES. 



At a meeting of the Grape and Wine Grower's Asso- 

 ation of Northern Ohio, on the 24th ult., Charles 

 irpenter, of Kelly's Island, gave the following as his 

 ethod of Summer Pruning : 



"The many directions given for summer pruning grape 

 nes are enough to bewilder the novice, if not those of 

 me experience, and I hope,, in attempting to elucidate, 

 shall not further mystify the subject. As a general rule, 

 une as little in summer as you can, and not let the vines 

 t so thick as to cause any of the leaves in the thickest 

 aces to turn yellow, or deprive the fruit of plenty of 

 'ht and air. The winter praning should be more severe 

 an is usually done. In vineyard culture, where forty 



forty-five superficial feet of land are allowed to a vine, 

 >m thirty to forty eyes to a vine for bearing are plenty 

 r most varieties. Never leave over one bud or joint per 

 rface foot of land where the soil is favorable ; and 

 lere it is unfavorable, the vines should be planted 

 :ther apart, and a less number of eyes for a given 

 rface left. 



"Now, if the winter pruning has been properly done. 

 t little will be necessary in summer, and should com- 

 snce early by removing water sprouts, superfluous buds, 

 d whenever, from short-jointed canes, or too close 

 lining of them, there will evidently be too dense a mass 

 len grown, thin out a part. 



"As soon as the fruit is set, select the shoots for the 

 xt years's bearing, which should be grown on spurs, on 

 e lower part of the stock, and trained as much as 

 acticable aside from the fruit and above it, and have 

 e laterals picked out for three or four feet, so as to have 

 ;leau cane for next year, and keep the vine open near 

 s fruit. Beyond this, remove no laterals, nor stop the 

 ds of their canes. 



"Some of the fruit bearing shoots, particularly those 

 ar the ends of the canes, will incline to make too much 

 owth ; these may be stopped at from three to six leaves 

 jm the last cluster of fruit. Of the fruit-bearing shoots, 

 cept those near the end of the cane, but few will need 

 apping, if there is a full crop of fruit, and proper 

 tention is given to tieing up so as to keep the growth 

 read and open. Always endeavor to prevent growth by 

 opping ends and removing buds rather than to cut 

 ray after the growth is made. 



"Iu all summer pruning and tying up, care should be 

 ken that fruit grown iu the shade should not be ex- 

 »sed to the direct rays of the sun. If the shade under 

 hich it has been growing is removed, it will surely be 

 jured, if not spoiled. 



" The best grapes are always grown in the shade of the 

 liage. They require light and circulation of air. Those 

 -own under the direct rays of the sun are smaller, 

 irder pulped, and inferior to those grown where they 

 A - e considerable protection." 



Transplanting Cabbage. — The Gardener's Monthly 

 tys that if the plants are put in a bucket of water, and 

 len set out as soon as taken from the water, they will 

 ildom wither or require any protection from the sun. 



HORTICULTURAL ITEMS FROM EUROPEAN JOUR- 

 NALS. 



A correspondent of the Revue ITorticole, in speaking of 

 some of the causes which affect the size and flavor of 

 fruits, says: "In 1861, the spring was very cold, and the 

 late frosts nearly destroyed the fruit buds. This was fol- 

 lowed by continued rains, until August. Then the weather 

 became very warm, and the vines, which were supposed 

 to be destroyed, revised, and it is said that the wine made 

 that season was remarkably fine. The later varieties of 

 pears grew to an enormous size, and the apple trees were 

 loaded with magnificent fruit " 



The same correspondent urges, in a very interesting 

 letter, the public schools in the various departments to 

 add to their other studies a course of lectures upon horti- 

 culture and arboriculture. M. Rerrin, the chief gardener 

 of the gardens of Luxemburg, has given to his numerous 

 assistants a gratuitous course upon the culture and 

 "shaping" of trees for several years, and two or three 

 other distinguished horticulturists have in this way en- 

 deavored to popularize the science. A school for garden- 

 ers at Paris, where there shall be regular graduating 

 classes, is also proposed— each student being obliged, after 

 graduating, to teach in the schools of the departments 

 for a certain length of time. 



The Cottage Gardener, in an account of some fine forc- 

 ing houses in Ireland, says: "Besides some nice crops 

 of melons, we were shown two specimens in a fruit room. 

 One of them was a sort of canteloup, a fine, well-swelled 

 specimen, with an aroma to tickle an epicure, and 20 lbs. 

 in weight! The plant had no other attention except se- 

 vere thinning and a pretty good supply of manure water. 



Mr. Wm. Paul, of Waltham, has introduced a new rose, 

 the " Beauty of Waltham," a cross between Jules Mar- 

 gottin and General Jacqueminot. Mr. Beaton, of the 

 Cottage Gardener, says that it "beats both its parents." 



A Branch of a peach tree bearing a peach and nectarine 

 at the same time, was presented to the Horticultural 

 Society of France in 1860. In the discussion which was 

 consequent upon this singular and curious presentation, 

 one of the members said that the same phenomena was 

 mentioned in the "Transactions of the Royal Horticultu- 

 ral Society of London." It was remarked that the scion 

 which was developed by the side of the nectarine had all 

 the characteristics of that fruit. 



J. G.Veitch has returned to England, after a two years 

 botanical visit to Japan. He brought with him seeds of 

 many new plants. 



Rev. R. W. Thomson, of England, has just published 

 a new work on the culture, propagation and management 

 of the Rose. 



The Idea that we can acclimate plants is ridiculed by 

 Dr. Lindley. The subject is creating considerable dis- 

 cussion, and it a plant once inherently tender has ever 

 became permanently hardy we shall be likely to hear of 

 it. No such instance has yet been adduced. 



Native Wine in the Army. — An extensive wine maker 

 of Cincinnati says he has sold all his best Catawba wine, 

 ready to bottle, to the United States Medical Department. 



