276 



THE GENESEE FARMER. 



for a barrel of wine may be masbed and pressed by 

 this simple process. I made two barrels on it, in 

 half a day in I860, when I commenced the manu- 

 facture of domestic wine. 



The quantity of sugar used is from two to three 

 pounds to the gallon of must, the latter quantity 

 making the best wine. It should be a good article, 

 the granulated, or the white coffee sugar. Nothing 

 is saved by purchasing an inferior kind. 



To ferment the wine, put it in casks, however 

 small the quantity ; but it is not advisable ever to 

 make less than five gallons, which should be put 

 into a keg holding that quantity. Fill the cask full, 

 place in the bung tight, and bore a gimlet hole at 

 the side of it T into which place a spile so loosely 

 that the gas may escape around it, or it may be 

 jeft out altogether for 15 days, when it may be put 

 in. If a small syphon of glass or tin can easily be 

 procured, it is better to use one ; but your wine 

 will not be injured much, if any, without one. 



The spile should be removed two or three times 

 a week, for a few weeks, to allow any gas genera- 

 ted within to escape. Follow the rules for after 

 management, as here laid down for wine making 

 on a more extensive scale, and that is all you have 

 to do ; but in no case should you consider your 

 wine ready fur use till it is a year old. 



Clinton, IT. Y. T. B. MINEB. 



Manuring Wheat. — In answer to the question, 

 "What time ought soils for wheat to be manured V 1 

 the Ohio Farmer says : 



" It is usually best, if a large snpply of manure is 

 applied, to manure the previous crop. By this 

 means, it is thoroughly incorporated with the soil, 

 and has time to become well decomposed. If it is 

 quite rotten, it may be applied previously to the 

 fall ploughing; or, if it is thougbt best to apply it 

 to the surface, after the ploughing. The wheat 

 ought to have the advantage of the application 

 during its fall growth. If the roots are well set 

 before winter, there is little danger from winter- 

 killing, and the plant, in spring, is ready to make 

 a rapid growth. Heavy manuring of wheat, at 

 the time of sowing, with crude manures, is not 

 .advisable." 



A Big Crop of Strawberries. — The 

 •chusetts Ploughman says J. W. Manning, of Read- 

 ing, Mass., raised this season, from a square rod of 

 ground, 50 quarts of strawberries. This is at the 

 .rate of 8,000 quarts, or 250 bushels per acre. 



Last year, Mr. Conkxin, of this county, raised 

 '45 quarts from a bed 7 feet wide by 20 feet long. 

 This is at the rate of 13,905 quarts, or 437 bushels 

 per acre. We are 187 bushels ahead. Massachu- 

 setts must try again! 



NOTES FBOM CANADA WEST. 



Eds. Genesee Farmer: — Your correspondent 

 from East Zorra, C. W., in the August number, 

 must have taken a blue pill, or had a fit of the gout, 

 when he wrote you such a melancholy picture of 

 the agricultural prospects of his locality, for if true 

 of his own immediate neighborhood, it certainly is 

 not true of other portions of tliis province. 



We have just secured, in good condition, the best 

 crop of winter wheat since the advent of the midge; 

 and in spite of the aphis and partial ravages of the 

 midge, the spring wheat, now ready for cutting, 

 promises a good return and a fine sample, though 

 somewhat short in the straw. 



I have seen some as fine fields of hay this season 

 as I ever saw in my life, but it was principally on 

 meadows of the first or second crop, which is quite 

 long enough for a good system of rotation. If 

 meadows are allowed to run out, we cannot expect 

 them to yield well. 



It is true, that from the 22d of April and through 

 May we had but one good shower, yet as it was 

 rather cool, things did not suffer so much as they 

 otherwise would have done, and it was a capital 

 time to kill weeds, couch grass, &c. Carrots on 

 heavy lands did not come up well, but on light, 

 well prepared lands they vegetated freely enough 

 and look now remarkably well. But turnips are 

 very fine and give large promise of a good crop. 

 An unusual large breadth has been sown, but not 

 much more than the average increase for the past 

 (ew years. Very little turnip seed is raised in this 

 country, the greatest portion being imported from 

 England, the seed from there being considered bet- 

 ter than that raised here. I know one person who 

 has eighty acres of roots this season, and through- 

 out the province I believe there are acres now 

 where ten years ago there were bushels. 



Fruit will be an average crop, but not so heavy 

 as was at one time anticipated. The drouth caused 

 the trees to cast rather more than usual when about 

 the size of acorns, but this was very fortunate for 

 pears, as it saved us the trouble of thinning, and 

 will give us a much better sample, both of pears 

 and apples. 



Upon the whole, we consider this season a most 

 favorable one, with abundant cause of gratitude to 

 God, not only for plenty but for peace to enjoy it ; 

 and we deeply sympathize with you in the endu- 

 rance of those trials that are now carrying sorrow 

 to so many a household and spreading so heavy a 

 cloud upon your otherwise happy prospects. 



Niagara, C. IK, Aug. 7. R. N. B. 



Exportation of Cheese and Butter to Europe. 



— The New York Journal of Commerce gives the 



following table, showing the exportation of butter, 



cheese and lard from that city, during the last 



three years : 



lbs. Butter. lbs. Cheese. lbs. Lard. 



1859 2,494,000 9,237,000 11,015.000 



1860 10,9S7,000 23,252,000 18,860,000 



1861 23,150,000 40,041,000 47,200,000 



Compared with other agricultural products, the 

 freight on these articles in proportion to value is 

 very sligbt, and we see no reason to doubt that 

 they will be exported in greatly increased quantities. 



