nil "• 



,,1 Linnean Bulanic Garden 



Having witnessed the past season so many ad 

 ioiuil instances of tlie great difiereuce in success, 

 above lofcned to, I doein it worthy of repeti- 

 Yours, most truly, 



WM. PRINCE 

 September 29, 1829. ^ 



ICIK THE SEW unglasu iakmer. 



if 



THE DAIRY. 



' Mr Fessenden — I was much pleased, in your 

 1 )er of 25th September, to read a piece on the 

 P iRY hy an experienced farmer, signed S.X. 



is a valuable paper hi many respects ; and as to 

 " trial of tliediflerent qualities of milk of differ- 

 'i: cows by the Lactotnetcr, I can most fully con- 

 *n by my own experience, and will give the re 

 "* t of a trial made at a farm of mine in New 

 M iTipshire, the 24tli of August last, on nine cows 

 \i different breeds — viz. — 



I. 1, a cow half Atdenuy, of cream 1J~ inches 



2, a heifer, same breed. 1 ' 



3, a cow, do. J 



4, a heifer quarter Aldtrney, -J 

 .1 5, a cow, (half Calebs, or short 



horn,) 

 1 6, do, half (Mmiral, or no.) 



7, a native cow 10 years old, 

 ■ij 8, do. do. 4 years old 

 9, do. do, large Sandwich 



breed, 



The above shows as great a difference in qua! 

 as the account given by S. X. ; and is greatly 

 '" yond the ideas of our farmers generally on this 

 "' bject ; 1 have conversed with a great number. 



Vol.VIlL— Nn.ll. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



83 



bje^. , ^ 



d in no one instance have they thought the dif- 



•ence could be more than one-third, but above it 



as six to one. This shows the butter properties 



the nfilk ; — probably in cheese, the difference 



Duld not prove so great in quantitij, but then I 



esume the qualily must be muchricher. I should 



nk it would be advisable in every town or neigh- 



jd to own a Lactometer, (they have been 



:i(le at the Glass factory at Lechmere point, and 



should think would not cost more than three 



liars for a frame with 4 or 6 glass tubes)— by 



is means they could readily determine, as their 



ifcrs come in, which were valuable to keep — 



liave >Tenerally found that those cows which 



ve the greatest quantity of milk, gave the poorest 



.ality. It is not, however, always the case. — I 



.ve also thought lieifers did not give so rich milk 



when they come to 4 or 5 years of age — the 



ality of miik is always less rich soon after calv- 



„.,,. becomes richer, constantly, till the cow is 



arly dry— and in the fall, milk is always richer 



! [juiii the spring — all these circumstances must be 



' sen into consideration in determining the value 



a cow by tiie lactometer. An m-dinary cow, 



to richness of milk, may he a gooil breeder for 



aus:ht and futling stock, but in our country I 



ink the butter and cheese properties are of first 



nsideration, and as'fine animals for labor and 



a ef may be obtained from them. 



In using the lactometer, the whole milk shnidd 



drawn from the cow, and then stirred, before 



ipu- the glass — otherwise you do not get the fair 



,iJera'*e quality — in warm weather, the cream rises 



J ,wly I generally lot it stand 48 hours, and 



ite its rising every 12 hours — and in cool or cold 

 ather I have not known it to rise any after 12 

 , inrs. 

 S. X. notices several cows that have proved 



great Butter makers — these have all been very high 

 fed animals. — I somewhat doubt, if a farmer gives 

 his'cows good English hay, and enough of it — 

 and also has reed good jiasturage, wliether he gets 

 by extra feed of meal, skim-milk, &c., &c. sufH- 

 cient extra butter or cheese to pay for it. — I think 

 S. X. proves this in Essex county. 



I wi.-:h some of our |)ublic spirited individuals 

 would import a few bulks and heifers of the Jlyr- 

 shirc stock that give 900 gallons of milk per year, 

 and also of the Galloways, the cows of which 

 produce their weight in cheese per year.— They 

 woulil be great acquisitions to us, notwithstanding 

 the fine stock we already possess, in Short Horns, 

 Alderneys, Herefords, and Devons — anS might be 

 easily imported from Glasgow, via New York 

 or New Brunswick, as from 15o.ston there is little 

 ornotrade with Scotland, —and the expense would 

 not be much. 1 • 



Sept. 29, 1829. 



FRUITS AT THE HORTICULTURAL 

 DINNER. 



In our list of the fruits presented at the late an- 

 niversary dinner of the Massachusetts Horticultural 

 Society, some very superior specimens were omit- 

 ted, which justice requires should be particularly 

 mentioned : — among which was a basket of Mr 

 Thomas' very fine native pear from Hingham, 

 which is justly considered the greatest acquisition 

 to our fruits, that the exertions of the Society have 

 yet developed. Mr Thomas will soon give, in the 

 New England Farmer, a particular account of the 

 characteristics of the tree, and furnish, at the 

 proper season, scions for distribution among the 

 members. 



Among the grapes, was a very fine specimen of 

 the Black Cape, one bunch of which weighed two 

 pounds, — raised in the open air, by the Messrs 

 WiNSHips, of Brighton. 

 1 The basket of fruit mentioned as from the gar- 

 |den of S. G. Perkins, Esq. was presented by his 

 I gardener, Mr Trainer, and contained superb 

 I specimens of the Black Hamburg, St. Peter's, 

 •White Muscat, Alexandrine Muscat, and White 

 : Chasselas Grapes — also, the Alberge Admirable, 

 j Belle de Vitry, Chevreuse, and White Pine Apple 

 j Peaches. 



I Mr Parmentier of New York, forwarded a box 

 ! of rare vegetables, accompanied by the following 

 note : — 



I " 1. I send you a box containing some Sweet 

 Pejipers, received of Dr Lanuza, from Valencia, 

 in Spain, where they are very much admired. 

 The best manner of cooking them, is, to stufl' 

 them in the same manner as the French do the 

 Purjile Egg Plant. They were found very good 

 at our horticultural dinner in New York. 



" 2. Some Seeds of the same sweet Peppers, 

 for distributing among the members of the Socie- 

 ty. The seed is always good for two years, and is 

 to be cultivated in the same manner as the com- 

 mon pejiper. 



" 3. Some roofs of the Viole-t Carrot of Spain — 

 received from Florence in Italy — very sweet. 

 They must be sown late in the spring, to prevent 

 them from going to seed the same season. Next 

 sprinff I will forward some seed for the Society. 



" 4^ Some seed of a kind of bean, received of 

 Ellerton Allen, Esq. called in South Carolina 

 Crowder Bean, because they bear so much. 



With much esteem, A. PARMENTIER." 

 j Horticultural Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y. } 

 September 17, 1829. 5 



Oy^The Sefvds mentioned in the foregoing letter 



can be obtained, by members at the Hall. 



lAst of fruits sent to the Horticultural Dinner 



by J. Prince, Esq. of Roxbury. 



Pears — Capiaumout, Vert Longue or Mouille 

 Bouche, Green Catharine, Fulton of Mr Abbot, 

 Napoleon, Beurre du Roi, Winter Geld- 

 ing, Aclian, a Scotch Pear. 



Jpples— Hoy a] (of Northampton,) Marigold, Non- 

 pareil (of England,) Chataignie (French,) 

 Ponime neige or Snow Apple, Golden Russet 

 of England. 



Pine Apple Melons, 



Jl'kite Pie Pumpkin. 



A branch of Passe Colmar, not ripe, but sent to 



show their very groat bearing — the branch was 



about two feet long, with 31 pears, and weighed 



9i lbs. 

 "a larger branch from a graft of Charles D'Au- 



trichc of my own iin])ortation (iom France in 1822 



it is a very great bearer — resembles the Crasanne, 



but is not so acid or stony. 



Brighton Market.— JI/o«(Za7/, Sept. 28. 

 (Reported for Ibe Chronicle and Palriol.) 



Beff Cattle — 9.51 at market, includhig a part of 

 those unsold last week. The market was very 

 much the same as the preceding week, exceeding- 

 ly slow and dull; more thin cattle, however, were 

 probably sold for $3 and less per cwt. than at any 

 other day this season. The greatest proportion 

 were taken at from $3 50 to $4 25. A small 

 number at $4 50 a $4 75, and about 10 very fine 

 Cattle at $5 per cwt. Quite as many remained 

 unsold at the close of the market, as at tho l.i.st 

 week. The fcam7ers nibbled a little: when they 

 commence in earnest, we shall probably be saved 

 the trouble of reporting, " those unsold last week." 



Store Cattle— 527 at market ; many of them 

 had been in from 1 to 3 market days successively 

 before. The drovers attempted a small advance 

 on former prices, the consequence was, but few- 

 sales were efl'ected. 



Sheep 3710 at market, including about 200 



unsold last week. The principal jiart of those not 

 sold last week were disi)Osed of during the week 

 at from $1 to $1 17 per head. This day lots of 

 Sheep and Lambs were sold, generally at $1 25 

 to $1 50 per head ; a few small lots selected at 

 $175; thin qualities near the close of the mar- 

 ket even sold at all prices, say from 75 cts. to $1 

 per head, and a large number remained unsold not- 

 withstanding. 



Stoine—795 at market, including 42 unsold last 



week. The slight improvement mentioned in our 



last met with a sudden change. Today the mar- 

 ket for Shoats was quite as dull as at any day this 

 season — old Hogs are in demand. 



We notice that Mr Sweet, the celebrated Eng- 

 lish author and botanist, has dedicated a plant to 

 31r Wm. Prince, Proprietor of the Linnean Bo- 

 tanic Garden, whose name it bears, and who has 

 done so much for the horticulture of the United 

 Stales. 



On the 23d inst. a " sand blast" was made on 

 the Baltimore and Susquehanna Rail Road. 16 

 pounds of powder were used. One rock weigh- 

 in "■ 70 tons was removed from its bed : five 

 others, from 2 to 7 tons each, were thrown some 

 distance. 



