198 



NPAV ENGLAND FAUMER, 



Jan. 8, 1330. 



f I 1 to foot wliicli uscil to cinl)ell.,-sli all I will .(.rrod.- lea 1 ; llie uattr will liol.l the Ita.l in for roiitaining milk, or any oily or grcuM siibstanc 



from ieB< . old fellow lost liis solui'o". "'"" ll'<; '•^"'l I "'cms into all our food, a* will as for (jickleB, vinegar, cider, &.C. &< 



our almanacs, wny ons """ "■" . , , , 



l,i-( Mitriil>cis are BCattcrcd llirougli ■■' -- 



L'oniieclcd 



place, while . • i- 



,11 the months? It wan an intcrcslii.fc' picture lor 

 children and dunce. ; it exposed to tl,e eye the 

 whole «yHlem of signf, and prevented mistakes. 



Friday— 'Vhc Pagan Kii|>crstitioti 

 with Friday, ftill retain their exislelice among us, 

 BDd, with other d<iluMons, show too plainly that 

 the 'p'"!,'''^"'* of knowledge is not ho great as some 

 lK!0|.le imagine. There are many persons in this 

 county, who could not he imiucod to set up 

 the frame of a building, begin a journey, coni- 

 mcnec spiiming, or engage in ntiy new busi- 

 ness on a Friday. This is nil follj. Friday is 

 iieillier better nor worse, neither morp nor less un- 

 lucky than Wednesday or Tliursday ; and one Fri- 

 day is just as good as any other Friilay. Those 

 ■who adhere to the silly notions of furincr times, 

 say that Friday is an unlucky day, and that what- 

 ever is commenced then, will prove <li>iistioiis. It 

 is wonderful that such a stupid notion should so 

 long have been rctaineil among a christian people. 

 " Let me ask the observers of Friday," says an in- 

 lelligent writer," whence you came by the opinion 

 that this is an unlucky day ? Did you learn it from 

 your bibles? Has God anywhere infcnned you 

 that when, in the coui-se of tlis six days of crea- 

 tion, that day first appeared, and when he pro- 

 nounced his productions of that day ' very good,' 

 he, notwithstamling, designed the day it.selfto be 

 Tery bad ? Surely you will not charge God fool- 

 ishly. If you believe that some evil agent busies 

 himself in mischief on that day, and relinquish 

 your lawful pursuits through fear of him, you do 

 homage to the devil. Ye worship ye know not 

 what." 



where water is used in preparing it. This re- dangerous, and may be the cause of the r 

 mark will apply to all kitchen utciisilB that are used l/m(o>ium, (painters' colic) one of the most i\a 

 in preparing food. None should be used which }r«iis and distressing complaints to which 



Vrf.VI 



II, all frame is liable. We will therefore i:.- 

 eitract from our correspondent's eomniuim 

 skowiiig where substitutes for leaden pi|>ee uiuy bt i 

 obtained. | 



" There are other materials for pipes beside* I 

 bad, and innocent too, such as cast iron, earthen, ' 

 vood, all which are innocent, if the earthen ii 

 liade without being glazed with lead, as the best I 

 pipes v.'oiild be of what is denominated stone ware, i 

 These may be obtained at the Potteries in Cam 

 bridge, Lynn and Salem. These kinds of pipes ar« 



arc made of lead, or leaded inside." 



We think this writer's apprehen.sions relative 

 to the use of lead, /or waltr pipes merely, are not 

 well founded. Thurc arc, we believe, no acids 

 found in wati^r in its natural slate, which will act 

 on leail. Tlie most common are, sulphuric acid, 

 or oil of vitriol, and carbonic acid, which gives 

 pungency an<l sprightliness to most mineral waters 

 of any celebrity, whether natural or artificial. 

 Guyton Morveaii, a celebrated French chemist, 

 has asserteil that sulphuric acid, so far from acting 



upon, or corroding lead, will preciptatc that metal 1 ,ery strong and durable. Hut cast iron pi|K's are 

 from any of its solutions. And had is the mate- to be preferred, for they will rather improve th* 

 rial need in making vessels in which water, con- 1 water iliaii otherwise. The joints of these may 

 taining copperas, (sulphate of iron) or blue vitriol, j Ik locked and cemented for a trifling expente 

 (sulphate of copper,) is evaporated by hoittnc;. It | They may he had at the iron foundries in IJostoi]. 

 appears, then, that sulphuric acul, even when aid- an:! all other foundries, where they are prepared 

 cd by heat, will not dissolve lead. A union of lead i foT casting hollow ware." 



with carbonic acid, forms a carbonate of lead ; This writer's observations on pumps may per 

 but this, we are told, is not soluble in water. haps be ((noted or adverted to in a 8nccccdin( 



Dr IJiGKi.ow, in an excellent work lately pub- 1 tumber. 

 lisln.'d, entitled Elcmtnlsof Technology, makes the 

 following remarks relative to pii>es for the convey- 

 ance of water : — 



7ron pipes are at the jircsent day, considered 



J/taZ</..— Keplction. ">• — .-o '"" •"«:". '" "'« 

 cause of most maladies and this is particularly in- 

 jurious as we advance in life. Occasional fasting 

 will generally correct indisposition, without med- 

 icine, which should be considered as only a despe- 

 rate resource. We require about a fourth of the 

 twentyfour hours for sleep ; but it should be good, 

 and that can only be acquired by a regular digestion 

 and inhaling pure air while in bed. If we do not 

 rise early, sleeping with open windows, will ho a 

 tolerable substitute for that important aid of hc.dth. 

 — Simplicity of Health by Hortator. 



JlmericanSilk. — The National Intelligencer men- 

 tions two beautiful specimens of Sewing Silk, 

 made in the interior of NewHampshire which have 

 been exhibited at the seat of eovernment. — The 

 colours of which are bright, the thnvnd very 

 smooth and even, and the quality throughout, sel- 

 dom exceeded. 



preferable to those of wood, being stronger, and 

 in most situations more durable. They are made 

 of cast iron, with a socket, or enlarged cavity at 

 one end, into which the end of the next pipe is 

 received. The joints thus formed, are rendered 

 tight, either by tilling the interstices with lead, or 

 by driving in a small quantity of hemp, and filling; 

 the remainder of the socket w " 

 made of sulphur, muriate of ammonia, and 



MANUFACTURE OF CIDER. 



Extracts of a letter written by an eminent ag- 

 licnlturist in llallowell. Me. and directed to Hon. 

 J. W., Boston. 



Some persons from Devonshire, in England, 

 having assured nie here that cider was made io 

 that country whicli would remain good for two or 

 three years, though not placed in cellars, but kept 

 on ground floors, 1 detained one of them in my 

 em|>loy through the last spring and summer, ai 

 hi, ' »tii»iiig brill tlio )>rinripnl fiinnnger on n euiiside- 

 lip- 1 rahle farm near F.xeter, making a niimher of bun- 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 

 BOSTON, FRIDAY, JANUARY 8, 1830. 



LEADEN PIPES. 

 A correspondent writes, that among the evils 

 which have bad their origin in the avarice and in- 

 dolence of mankinil, " first in our view i", the in- 

 troiluclion and use of the leaden pipe for water to 

 be u^ed for family pur|ioses," &c. Again he says, 

 " Wu believe it will be (.'eiierally admitted that (he 

 lanil of New England is strongly impregnated 

 with lime ; and where lime is found, there the wa- 

 ter is impregnated with carbonic acid ; the ncid 



pings of iron. Co/);)fr ;?i/)fs are extremely dura- , dred large barrels of cider ennually. As I have 

 hie, and are made of sheet copper, witli the edge reason to be content with the measure, I prcsiiin* 

 turned up and soldered. They require to be tin- i now to recommend the party to you. 

 nod insi<Ie, on account of the poisonous character My i-ustom had been, to grind my apples when 

 of some of the compounds which are liable to he ripe for eating; whereas he has taught nie, (as I 

 formed in tliom. Lead pipes arc much employed find was the practice in liis neighborhood, an<I it 

 for small aqueducts, owing to the facility with so in part of France,) to grind them when most 

 which they can be soldered, and bent in any di- fully ripe, even though some of them shonli) be- 

 rection. They are commonly cast in short pieces, ' come past that state; but rejecting those which 

 and afterwards elongated by drawing them through i were musty or fairly ilecayed. Another principle 

 holes in the same manner as wire. Leaden pipes has been, to grind all that were ripe together; 

 in general, arc siippo.scd not to conlaminaie the without regard to their kinds. A third was, to 

 water contained in them, because the carbonate \ grind with iron niit.s, of small length and cust, 

 of lead, which is sometimes formed in them, is in- pl^-ed horizontally. It is very true that for this 

 soluble ill water. They are not safe, however, for last purpose, I have been obliged to use a siibsti- 

 pumps and pipes intended to convey aeid liquors, tute, namely, to employ my wooden perpendicul.ir 

 Stone /jipes preserve the water contained by them | nuts <ic»rf to the same apples ; but so as to add 

 in a very pure state. They are, however, expen- ' twenty )ier cent, without water to my cider ; ths 

 sive, on account of the labor of working them, j last being still very good. My press, however, 

 with the exception of soapstone, which, being ea- like that of Devonshire, is very powerful. I enu- 

 sily shaped and bored, may be usefully applied to inerntc only a part of his principles ; hut hitherto 

 the purpose of conveying water, in those places I have reason to think very highly of them. Ilii 



where it is easily proriircil, Karthen pipes mad 

 of common jiotlery ware and gla/ed on the inside 

 are sometimes used, but arc more liable to be bro- 

 ken than most of the other kinds." 



There may he other mineral acids besides the 

 sulphuric and carbonic, to which water is exposid 

 as it percolates through difli'rent strata of earth, 

 such as the nitric, muriatic, phosphoric, &c. Hut 

 we have no evidence that these, or any of them, 

 have any action on lead. If si>, there can he no 

 danger in the use of leaden pipes for conveying 

 water only. Bill lead for cooking utensils, vessels 



master supplied the table of Lord Clillord, ami v.i- 

 rious counlry gentlemen, besides soii>c phvsiciaiif 

 at Exeter ; sending some of his crop also to the 

 London market. His master's grinding lasted 4 

 or 6 months, consisting for much the larger part 

 of his cro|i, of ipind fills, by system. 1 am going 

 to send for iron nuts to England, where they cost 

 only a few i>i'iiiids ; and shall lend them to my 

 friend Mr IJ. II. (I. to serve fur models for castiiiK 

 al his furnaie. I have exnmiiied large iron per- 

 pendiatlar nuts s.dd lierc, but n-jeeted them as 

 more costly, and much less cflicient ; the Devon- 



