iiddy roail. Young men would find Imsiness at 

 mo, uithnut Ix'ing obliged to seek it iihroad ; 

 ery spindle would ho. ])ut in operation ; tlie ship 

 )uld receive not only new rigging, but a canvass 

 ;ss. The trowel, the hammer, and the saw each 

 tild resume its former music, and business 

 uld revive in every part of the Cotiimonwealth. 

 A PETITKtNER. 



GENERAL DEARBORN'S ADDRESS. 



Address ddivtred before the Massachusetts Hor- 

 kullural Society, oil the celebration of their first 

 Anniversary, September 19, 1829. By II. A. S 

 DrARBORN, President of the Society. 



Man hath his daily work of body, or of mind 



Appointed, which declares his dignity. 



And the regard of heaven on all hig ways. — M1LT05. 



Gentlemen of the Massachusetts Horticnltural So- 



y~ 



The history of Horticulture is co-extensive 

 h that of the human race. The first move- 

 it towards civilization is evinced, in the cul- 

 tion of the soil ; and a garden is the incipient 

 of extended agriculture, and of flourishing 

 jires; the wild and erratic pursuits of the sav- 



are exchanged for the local and quiet nvo- 

 ons of the husbandman ; the arts and sciences 

 gradually developed, and rendered subservient 

 he wants of society : but in the progress of 

 lligence and refinement, those which were 

 iest called into existence, althoiigli expanded 



rendered universal, to meet the demands ofj of Ophir, the silver, ivory, spices anti precious 

 ncreased, and condensed po])ulation, are the j stones of Africa and Asia, the kings of Tyre and 



which are perfectly matured. All the others Arabia were his tributaries, and princes his mer 



VoI.V:!!.— No. 2(5. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 



20s 



The mighty kingdoms of antitpiily were con- 

 spicuous for tlieir martial acliievciTients, wealth, 

 and extended domination, — for the intellectual at 

 tainments of their inhabitants, and most of "the 

 embellishments which gave them lustre, and re- 

 nown, in tiie imi)osing march towards national 

 grandeur, before the genius of horticulture was 

 successfully invoked. Egypt, the cradle of civili- 

 zation, so far perfected her tillage, that the fertile 

 hanks of the Nile were adorned by a succession of 

 luxuriant plantations, from the cataract of Syenna 

 to rho marine shores of the Delta ; — hut it was 

 after Thebes, with its hundred brazen gates, had 

 been erected, and while the regal cities of Mem- 

 phis, Heliopolis, and Tentyra, were rising in mag- 

 nificence, and the stupendous temples, jiyramids, 

 and obelisks, of her mythology became the won- 

 ders of the world. 



The olive crowned hills, extended vales, and 

 teeming plains of Palestine, have ever been cele- 

 brated for the beautiful gardens which varied and 

 enriched the landscape, — indicating the effect of 

 that long ancestral residence of the Israelites with- 

 in, and their juxta position to the realm of the 

 Pharaohs ; — but it was not until the embattled 

 walls and holy temple of Jerusalem, announced 

 the resources and advancement, and the prophets 

 had rebuked the extravagance and luxurious plea- 

 sures of that eternal race. The queen of the East 

 ' had heard of the fume of Solomon," and went 

 to do him homage, — his commercial fleets of 

 Ezion-Geber and Tharshish, brought him the gold 



it previously, have approximated towards per- 

 ion. It is then, that the grand results of their 

 ed application are manifested, in the variety, 

 iber, utility, and beauty of the products of 

 1 industry ; and that the conveniences, coin- 

 3, and enjoyments of life are fully realized, by 

 triumphant labors of the aecomplished Iior- 

 Iturisl. 



'he imperious demands of man are food, rai- 

 it, and shelter. These are furnished by the 

 rests, herds, and flocks of agriculture, and the 



of the mechanic. As riches are multiplied, 



ambition excited, they are rendered con- 

 uous in the splendor of ai)parel, the uiag- 

 ence of mansions, and the sumptuousness of 

 iture. The embellishments of letters, and 



liscoveries of science gradually claim at- 

 ion, and operating, alternately, as cause and 

 !t, accelerate the progress of nations, in the 

 er of i)rosperity, power and glory ; — legis 

 n, jurisprudence, and statistics, become sub- 



of profound study, and the deepest interest ; 



J honorable ])rofession of arms, in the field 

 on the ocean, obtains precedence among the 

 'e, and aspiring, over the less alluring and 

 tentatious vocations of civil life; while music, 

 ry, eloquence, ])air.ting, sculpture and archi- 

 ire have their votaries, and comjietitors, for 

 )rize of distinction and immortality ; but it is 

 until after all these various objects ofim- 

 late interest, or of contingent and associated 

 rtancc, have been zealously pursued and snc- 

 ully attained, that horticulture unfolds her 

 aring attributes and exalted beauties. She 

 s the wreath which crowns the monument 

 n empire's greatnes.s, and takes rank among 

 lumber, and becomes the most distinguished 

 le fine arts. 



chants, ere he " made orchards," " delighted to 

 dwell in gardens," or planted the " vineyard of 

 Baalhamon." 



The Assyrians had i)eoplcd the borders of the 

 Tigris and Euphrates from the Persian Gulf to the 

 mountainous regions of Ararat, and their victori- 

 ous princes had founded Nineveh and Babylon, 

 before we hear of the expensive gardens ofSemi- 

 ramis. 



The Persian empire had extended from the In- 

 dus to the Archipelago, when the Paradise ofSar- 

 dis excited the astonishment of the Spartan gene- 

 ral, and Cyrus mustered the Grecian auxiliaries 

 in the garden of Celscnse. 



The Greeks had repulsed the forini<lable inva- 

 sions of Darius and Xerxes, and Athens had reach- 

 ed the culminating point of her exaltation, when 

 the accomplished and gallant Cimon established 

 the Academiis and jirescnted it to his fellow citi- 

 zens, as a public garden. Numerous others were 

 soon planted, and decorated with temples, porticos, 

 altars, statues, and tyumphal monuments; — but 



this was during the polished age of Pericles ; 



when Socrates and Plato taught their sublime phi- 

 losophy, in the sacred groves ; — when the theatres 

 were thronged to listen to the enra])tnnng poetry 

 of Euripides and Aristophanes ; — when the gen- 

 i IS of Phidias was displayed in the construction of 

 the incomparable Parthenon, and sculpturing the 

 s atues of the gods ; — when eloquence and paint- 

 ing iiad reached perfection, and history was taught 

 by Herodotus, Thuycidides, and Xeno])hen. 



Imperial Rome had subjugated the world, and 

 emulated Greece in literature, science, and the 

 arts, when the superb villas of Sallust, Crassus, 

 ?ompey, Caesar, Macsenas, and Aggripiua were es- 

 tablished, and the palaces of the Emperors were 

 environed by magnificent gardens, 



The history of modern nations presents similar 

 rcsuhs. Horticulture had lingered in the rear of 

 other pursuits, until the commencement of the 

 eighteenth century, when it began to claim the 

 attention of some of the most illustrious charac- 

 ters of England; but the origin, estabhshment, 

 and extension of the present improved style of 

 gardening are of recent date. «' Bacon was the 

 prophet, Milton the herald, and Addison, Pope, 

 and Kent the champions of true taste." The 

 principles, which were developed in their writ- 

 ings, and those of Sheustone, the Masons and 

 Wheatly, and their successful ajiplications in the 

 examples produced by the taste and genius of 

 Bridgeman, Wright, Brown, and Eames, soon ren- 

 dered the system i)opular, and gradually extend- 

 ing over Eurojie, it ultimately reached this coun- 

 try. Still, gardening, in the broadest significa- 

 tion of the term, did not receive that distinguished 

 and universal consideration, which it merits, until 

 the establisment of the London Horticultural So- 

 ciety, which constitutes an era in the annals of 

 Great Britain, of momentous import. It has 

 given an impetus to cultivation, which is felt in 

 the remotest regions of the globe. The noble ex- 

 ample has been followed in the most flourishing 

 kingdoms of the Eastern continent, and many 

 similar institutions have been founded in the Unit- 

 ed States. An interest has thus been excited, 

 and a spirit of inquiry awakened, which cannot 

 fail of producing highly important results. The 

 auspices are favorable, and the period is not dis- 

 tant when associations will become the foci for 

 concentrating, and from whence will be dissemi- 

 nated, the horticultural intelligence and products 

 of every clime. 



Notwithstanding gardening preceded, it was 

 ultimately surpassed, by agriculture, for a long 

 succession of ages, still, when prosecuted with 

 the lights of experience, tht instruction of ma- 

 tured theory, and the advantage^ of various and 

 multiplied examples, horticulture \i<>comcs the 

 successful rival of her younger, yet inoio favored 

 sister, and finally usurps her entire domain ; for, 

 "that field is best cultivated, which assumes the 

 appearance of a wide extended garden." It was 

 this learned and skUful tillage, which, in ancient 

 times, maintained the dense population, that crowd- 

 ed the classic shores of the Mediterranean, the 

 fertile islands of Crete, Cyprus and Rhodes, the 

 emeralds which spangle the jEgean sea, and real- 

 ized in Sicily the Hesperides of fabulous poetry : 

 — and which, in our age, is so conspicuous in 

 China, Holland, portions of France, Germany, 

 Italy and Switzerland, and has rendered the rural 

 economy of England, the model of all countries. 

 (To he continued.) 



PRIZE ESSAY. 



The editor of the Philadelphia United States 

 Gazette informs the public, that the premium of 

 " a gold medal, value one hundred dollars, for the 

 best essay on the inadequacy of the wages gener- 

 ally paid to seamstresses, spoolers, spinners, shoe 

 binders, &c. to procure food, raiment and lodg- 

 ing ; on the eflects of that inadequacy upon the 

 happiness and morals of those females, and their 

 families, when they have any ; and on the prob- 

 ability that those low wages frequently force 

 poor women to the choice between dishonor and 

 absolute want of common necessaries," has been 

 awarded to the Rev. Joseph Tuckerm an, of Bos- 

 ton. 



