238 



NKVV FiNGT.AM) I AUMFR, 



Fcl). 



12, 1S30. "'-' 



onii'isitp lliesc to llieliiwer ^eel,•it8 exliaustiiig propenii.'s are more to' 



:. .„rs Rum iMiuresu; anil Mill.T eve. goes | ni. i.nmonsc inlana distanro, gradually approach son to I.elievc that it ohta.ns hut httle carht 

 n as to state, that a'fexv hags of pepper, on f the Atlantic, and terminate near one hundrc.l acid till al\er it >s spread over the so.l, for mo. 

 .Z n ship from India, upon o,.e occasion, spoil- M.iles nigher Boston than any other seaport, more : « dl rerr,au, a long tune m hulk before .t beco, 



bccoij''" 



l)oard a ship ' ' ' '" ' ~ " 



ed the whole cargo. ^ than lilty nnies nigiier nosion m.ui i\fu„y „ ,u : .. .," — ... j- 



•2d. When the grains are large, flat, and of a' Lake Erie, hy the Erie Canal. This road will be | Lime is either quick lime, or caustic, liiii 

 gree 

 situation 

 Inilia planter know 



n color they should he kept on hand, in a dry , the great highway to Europe four or five months ^ ,ni|;l hmc, sometimes called eflete lime. \V 

 itioii a' Ion" time before ii.-e. Every West 1 in the year for all the boundless country, the two I first huml it has a corrosive jiroperty, and spct 

 3 this fact although his interest I Canadas, as Boston can he reached more than one I decomposes or destroys the organization of vt 



BY THE EPITOn. 



I will first draw a line of distinction between 



too often induces him to .send the article to mar- j hundred miles nigher than any other seaport. 



ket before it is old and dry enough. | ^ - '" 



3d. Roasting cortec is by far the most difficult | MANURES 



operation of the housekeeper ; when carried far 

 enough, an aromatic oil is formed hy the heat and those manures which actually enrich the .soil, and 

 forces itself out upon the surface of the grains, those that merely e.xcitc fertility without produ- 

 giving them a glossy appearance, and an odor ciug that effect. 



which is considered their perfection ; yet too little ^n .-mimal and vegetable siibstancea enrich the 

 roaslin" prevents the aroma from appearing, and go,). No other substances are known to effect 

 too much completely volatilizes it, leaving nothing j this invaluable purpose. 



but a flat, bitter taste. The beat should be strong Mechanical manures, such as clay, sand, gravel, 

 and the operation shortened as much as possible, .^^^ ^^.j^p^, properly applied, promote vegetation 

 without burning the grains. The roaster should ,,y „iten„g ,hc te.vlure of the soil, and do not 

 be close or well covered all the time, and, in order' 

 to improve the looks and flavor, a small jiiece of 



injure the enriching substances found in it. 



The manures which arc generally termed sti- 



butter may be added 10 the coffee, while parching. I ^i^j|jj^j,j„^ ^l^p promote vegetation, but in doing 



•1th. When thus prejiared, coffee may be pre- 1 jj^j^ ,,|pj, g,(j|a„st the soil ; hence it is that the fer- 



crved for use in large quantities, without losing 



much of its freshncs?, provided the vessels con- 



table or animal fibre. After lime, recently bu 

 has been exposed some time to the air, it alisc 

 carhoiiic acid gas, or fixed air, and becomes r 

 lime, and its qualities ami properties are, in e\ 

 particular, like those of pulverized chaik or 11 

 stone, whifh has never been burnt. 



When lime, which has recently been buriil 

 exposed to the air, it soon fulls into powder : 

 it is then calleil slakcil, and sometimes air-sla 

 lime. The .same effect is speedily proiluced 

 pouring water upon it, when it heats violei 

 and the water disappears. 



Slake I lime is merely a combination of li 

 with about two thirds of its weight of water : 

 fifty five parts of lime absorb seventeen jiait 

 water ; and in this ca.^e it is composed of a i 

 nite proportion of water, and is what is callei 

 cheiniBts hydrate of limt ; and when hydrati 

 me becomes carbonate of lime by long expos 



taining it, he kept well covered. 



and the best coffee I remember to have lastci 

 was made by exposing the powder to a pressure j 

 of colli water ; a teaspoonful of this extract, thrown ! 

 into a cup of hot water, is sutVicient. It is not a 



hy adding hot water. Just in proportion to the 

 continuance of heat in this and I he last operation, 



tilizing powers of lime and gypsum will cease to 



act when tliev no longer" find a sufficiency of ani- ... n i j .i i 



, •; , " . , 1 . " ito the a r, the water is expelled, and the curb 



^ , . mal or vegetable matter in the sod to act upon, '"'"*- ""'' . ' ' 



.5th. An infusion of coffee is better than a de- j ■^^ resume their action as soon as either of »''"' P"** "''^^ Us place 



1. ,!,„.>.., >oo til,, limt ill the Inst cisp , • .■ i i i- i When lime, whether freshly burnt or s a 



coction, simply because the neat, 111 tne last case, I .||||, j,„„,.pg iijjj, i,ge„ ap.,i,p,) ..ncu inu , . 



hein£r«lion.er and more lasting, drives off more _ , „ , ,■ , ,, , is mixed with any moist fibrous vegetable ma 



being suon^tr ami more _ t> _ _ , It seems to be generally believed that_ gypsum | ^1^^^^ .^ ^ ^,^^,^„ ^^,,-„„ l,p,^^,,g„ the lime and 



vegetable matter, and they form a kind of c 

 post together, of which a part is usually sol 

 in water. 



By this kind of opj-ration, lime renders mi 

 which was before comparatively inert, nutrit 

 and as charcoal and oxygen abound in all v 

 table matters, it becomes at the same lime con- 

 ed into carbonate of lime.t 



Mr Evelyn advised to the mixture of lime 

 turf in alternate layers, to lie in heaps for inon 

 in which lime it will become so rich and me 

 as to run like ashes. Me thought it would n 

 ish the soil more than if useil alone in a grc 

 quantity, and without any danger of exhaiit 

 the soil. r>r Deane advised to mix lime wi 

 large proportion of clay, or with mud from 

 bottom of ponds or rivers, and says it might i 

 be applied even to sandy or gravelly soi' 

 great advantage. 



The w riter of .'J Trealise on Soils and .Vmn 

 appended to the riiihulelphia edition of Ih 

 .'i^ricullural Chrmistry, observes that quick lin 

 ellicacious in fertilizing peats, and reducing u 

 tillage, soils abounding in hard roots. But w 

 animal and vegetable remains are destitute o 

 broiis matter, so as not to require n powc 

 solvent, or when their bulk is not in too Inrj; 

 proportion, or their tendency to putrcsceiuy 



of the aromatic oil. It is better, therefore, to , ^^^.^^^ ^^^^ decomposition of such animal and ve- 

 grind the coffee very tine, and then to expose a ,^ substances, as cither from their texture, 



by means of a bag or strainer, to the action of j 6^ ^__^^__ ^^^ ^,^.^^,^. ^p„„^^g,, ^,,,0,,^^, ,he soil, 



boiling water than to bod -t for any length of time. , ^^^^^^^^ ,^^ .lecomposed" by the le.^s powerful opc- 

 Ileat, although unavoidable, injures the flavor, i ^^^.^_^^ ^^ ^^^^^_.^ ^^ ^^^_ ■ ^^.^^^ sufficient despatch 



I to produce luxuriant vegetation ; also that this 



substance ey.cites the plants, and increases their 



capacity for gathering and digesting nutriment. 



, _ ... - It is certain that gypsum produces amazing fcr- 



had method to allow the ground coffee to he in .^ ^^^^ ^^.^^^^ out" soils, where hut few traces 



cold water between meals, and "'<=" '" P';^I'_'"f. '.' ' of animal or |vegetable matter appear; likewise 



that great debility generally takes place in such 

 soils in consequence of the exhausting inrtiience 



the fragrance disappears, and is replaced hy a ^^ ^^^.^ substance, when proper attention has not 

 strong bitter taste which, ""ording to the expcn- 1 ^^ .^^^ ^^ introduce a sufticiency of animal 

 ments of Chenevix, depends upon the presence of; ^^ ^,^;^,„,^,^ ,„„^j^^ j„ counteract the" impoverish- 



ling (rescmhhng that in tan bark.) Ro^stm?, . .,^.^^,^ ^,. j,^j^ powerful promoter of vegeta- 



des forming this bitter substance, deprives the I . " 



tannin 



hcsi 



coffee of nutritious qualitie 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, FEBRl .VRV 12, 1830. 



When this substance was first introduced as n 

 manure, its exhausting projierties were not known, 

 and many greatly injured their grounds by the 

 improper use of it; especially those who resided 

 I where there wai a ready market for liny. This 



:_^— --.-^ —----— ^ -^^-^=-=-;*' I caused louil complaints. They have, howi'ver, 



LOCATION OF A NORTHERN RAIL ROAD, j been nearly silenced hy the practice of those who 



were careful to return to the ground n reasonable 

 proportion of its product ; and the improvement 



Extractor a letter from a New Eaglanil gentleman, now 

 in Baltimore, to a IVienJ In Charlc'ilown, Masfl. 

 I feel much gratified to learn that something is 

 doing towards obtaining a Railway from Charles- 

 towii to the northward. The greatest Rail Rond, I 

 have thought f.ir years, ever to he made in thiseoun 



made in the soil by the judicious use of this sub 

 stance almost exceeds creilibilily. 



' Since it has been more generally known that . „„„.rver u,oful it may be to harrow in the c>p 

 gypsum is a very valuiihle manure for wheat, j, ,!„,., „„, „,p„, |i;i,.|y („ produce the same imiiie< 

 1 in it, or wh»>ii that sub- powerful effect a.s is obtained by rolling the seed 



try, may be constructed from liosion, through the when the seeil 



valley of Merrimack river, of White river, and of i stance is strewed over the surface of the ground, "ubslanre 



Onion river, all lying noarly on the same course ' nn<l i" «itlier harrowed or ploughed in with the ^ I navyN Agriculturainicmi.t 



