262 



NRVV ENGLAND FAUMER, 



Mnr. 5, 1830. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 5, 1830. 

 TRANSPLANTING FRUIT TREES. 



drain. Hul l.v o|,c..i..i' the .Irain, and ra,si..g the t«c-Mtjfour inches dt-.-|. ; and the earth taken Iroi, J^^ 

 ground l.y half n huck load of h.am, 1 foun.l ou , l'^"'"" "hat ..- useful us sod, we cast into thi , 

 setlinB out a new tree, it nourished c.,ually with road, or wherever .t m.iy he wanted, and rclur, 

 the re.st. This orchard now, in eight years, is b '" '''« ''°!ef "" eqna -luantny ol those sn.al 

 most valuable o,.e, and most of the trees would ^'^''e", which are usually considered a nu.sance 



TRA^M'l.A.MU>v. r.vu.i ..v^^^. ................................... ■"- "- .;„ith these we intermix anv kind of compost o 



To persons desirous of possess.n.tn.e trees, U g.ve half a barrel °f / I'' '-^ " .'^ ° " ''"'/"J ' g,,,,d soil fron. the road. In regard to ,'rees m 

 is reconnncnded by the best „rchard„.s to trans- o her crcums ances which — fal e , th n niy S ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^J ^^^^^ .^_^^^ 



plan, them from the nursery to an in.erinediate obseiva ion, it appears that w '■'"' ' '^ ^ ^^ f,,,,„,g froni the earth, while setting, a bushel o 

 plantation in the garden or field ; and there cilt- so, 1 and well .Irained will give a hue orchard, j J^^^^^^^^^ ,^ ^^^,, ,^^^ 

 vatc them for two or three vears, at about four; and probably sooner than any other, 

 feet apart, planting a hill of potatoes with manure ; Tlie next experiment of Mr Welies was made 

 in the space between every four tree.-, and paying for another pur(>ose, and terminated in establish- 

 attention during the whole time to the formation • ing a fact, and recommending a process, which 

 of the stems and branches. "This mode (says may in njany cases be beneficially adopted by the 

 Mr Coxe) will be found to improve llic growth of orcbardist. " The object was to have an orchard on 

 the roots, extending and strengthening the feeding a particular spot, where the soil was thin and light, 

 -hooti-, and insuring a rapid and vigorous growth upon a plain or Hat. The«»ioles were iliig four feet 

 when transplante.l a second time into the orchard ;' over. The two upper strata of black and yellow 

 the product of the i)otatoes will repay the expense ; loam were placc.l aside the tree. After this about 

 of manuring and cultivation ^urMd." _ , ten inches in^de,..h^of ll^^^^^lj^'^ ,- J— j ,... ,.„.„; There are several now [Sept. .3 



I .soil from the road. In regard to trees ii 

 dvantagc from inter 

 i: setting, a bushel o 



'• In digging up the trees, we are careful to rol 

 them as little as possible of their roots ; and ain i 

 to diminish the lateral branches, by pruning abou 

 as much as the roots have lost in taking up. W^ 

 set the trees about as deep as they stood in tl 

 nursery; treading the ground as hard as we cmU 

 around them ; setting out and keeping them ere.-i ' 

 and let them stai;il without stakes; or being vi>it 

 ed by any horned cattle. ' 



" It is surprising to see how rapiilly these tre 



The. same writer says — " The proper season for] earth was tti 



1 1828] in view, which were set out in the begin ' 



planting Will be found to depend on a variety of cart load of stones upset >iUo the hole ; upon these | -J ,een a fu 



..iicumstances. In light soils, the winter settles 1 n part of the upper stratum, or some dirt from the "'^";.„ ,,"„/,„„,; ,, ,, ^ 



the earth round the roots, and best secures then. ' side of the road was scattered, so - «"/' ' ''P ''- : ^%^ ^t ' h ay . " i" Tansplanting trees, espc 

 against the drought of the follo« ng season-it is interstices ; since which he spots near he trees ) . ^^_^^.^^^ .1 ^^ ^^ b ^ ^^^ 



atime ofleisure to the far,ne,-,andaftbids an early I have been cultivated by idanting four ''f "fP^" -^..../...^j ,h i,e placed in the same pos 



latoes round each tree. The result has been tole- I'^^'l"'^''^ " . ,•'.•', , r.^;.,„ ,i. 



rably favorable with all; but the trees having the ' """ ("'-' is, having the same parts facigth 

 stones place.l at the roots have exceedingly out-j^^'^e I-omts of compass) as '"^■''"^>-^ >""'•;': 

 stripped the others. The dimensions of the trees '; noMco when a tree is cut down you w ill fin.l .1, 

 ' in [he first experiment_a rich, low, black stony j "'reeparts in four of the growth are on the nor,|. 

 [lined — were, at the expiration of eight i^'"'^- 



selection of trees from the nursery. In stiff or 

 wet soils, I should give a preference to spring 

 planting, other circunistanccs being equal. I have 

 planted at both seasons, and have generally found 

 that care and attention insured a cnrresponding 

 success in the growth of my trees. In whatever 

 season an orchard may be planted, too much at- 

 tention i:aniiot be given to extend the roots in 

 every direction, to cut off all wounded [)arts, and 

 more especially not to plant too deep; this I be- 

 lieve is the common error of inexperienced plant- 

 ers. As a general rule, I would recommend that 

 the tree be placed in the orchard with about three 

 inches of earth over the upi)er tier of roots, which 

 will make it about two inches deciier than it stood 

 in the nursery ; that the tree, after being partially 

 covered, should be well shaken, to admit the finer 



f: 



years, fifteen to seventeen inches in circumference, ' MASS. AGRICUI.TL'RAL SOCIETY'. 

 one foot from the ground. This may be consider-' The following |ircmiuiiis, we hope, will atlrat 

 ed (the tree being small when .set out) as a growth universal attention. They are offered by th 

 of about two inches a year. The growth in the ' .U«,Mac/ii(JtfHj Sociel;/ for promoting .Igricullur 

 second experiment, for six years, was from twelve to be adjudged the present year, in Decciiiher.- 



They have been published in the list of Prcm 

 urns for the Cattle Show and Exhibition of Mat 



to fourteen inches, in the holes in which the stones 

 were put, one foot from the ground. Where no 



stones were put, nine inches was the growth. It ufactures, to take i>lace at Brighton, in Octoli* 

 will thus be perceived, that the vegetation was 'next, and are now printed separately, that th 

 most powerful under circumstances by nature least knowledge of them maybe speedily diffused i 

 favorable. If, then, thus much can be done to widely as possible, 

 pai-ticlesof the earth among the fibrous roots, and [counteract such disadvantages, it surely offers; For the best cuUxvated Farms. 



that it be well settled by treading the earth aroiiinl much encouragement to our efforts, and leads us For the best cultivated Farm, $10 



i, ^yjii, tiipse ]iri'cautions, I have never fiuind I to hope, that not only in this, but in other objects, For the next best cultivated Farm, 7 



the necessity of stakes. The tops of young trees ! they may be beneficially extended." The same The (arm to con^.t of not less than seventy acres, e, 

 should never be shortened, lest it should pro.Iuce a ! gentleman observes, in the Massachusetts Agricul- 1 ^P;:^:^^.;^::^^^:^:':^!^ wriu:i'u 

 growth of suckers ; I would recommend in |ne- tiiral Repository for Jan. 1825, " The exi>eriment ^_^^^^^ ^^^^j ^^,|.^|j,y ^f „,p ^^^ . ^^^g proporUons suitable U 

 ference, that they be thinned, if found too heavy, (h'^t mentioned) has succeeded beyond cxpecta- tillage, nioniii); and pasturing, respectively, an.) especial 

 If the trees have been long out of the ground, and | tion. The advantages promised in this mode of the quai.tiiy of in igale.1 meadow or low lami which 

 ,he roots have become shrivelled at the time of j culture, are, 1st, The absorption and gradual 'l■''^^ "*^;Vnun,l,ror .crefplantod the present year wit 

 planting, the labor of pouring a pail full of water tribiition of moisture by the stones, when "ifst 1 for,,^ p„,,,ocs, and other vegetable 

 round each tree, will be amply repaid in the sue- ' wanted. 2d!y, The equalization of the temperature I xi,e „„ii,ber sowed with winter^ 

 cess it will insure in their growth." of the earth ; and 3dly, Thus preventing the roots ^ other vegei,ibtes. spocily' '- ■ 



The lion. John Welles, in a valuable paper, passing.into the poor under strata, by forcing them 

 pubfishcd in the Massachusetts Agricultural Re- into a better soil, in a bori/ontal direction." 



pository. No. 1, vol. vi. relates two instances of^ The fidlowing is extracted from an nrticle, writ- 

 cultivating apple trees successfully in unfavorable i ten !>y J. Kknrick, Esq. of Newion, Mass. ami 



Hiluations. In the one, a low piece of strong stony publishe.l in the New Eiiglaixl Farmer, vol. vii. ^^^^ „„„.„„„,....> „ .. j.,..„s..... „ 



land was taken. "As it was rather fiat, it was [ page 73. We republish it as a rcmend.rnncer for 1 JjVJ;/^f'~/,'^^'j/,;,''||\;",;;|-^^^^^ 



and spiing grains, .in 

 the ^veral kinds, and th 

 bir of acres planted or sown wilh each. 

 The quantity anil kind of manure used for each cro| 

 and the linios and ininncr of applying it. 

 The quaiilily and quality of each crop. 

 The number ofacres mowed the ptesent year, sporif} 

 ing the proportion of irrigated, meadow, or low laiid, .n 

 the proporlion which hail been ploughed or tilled, ami il 

 kind of grass and quantity of hay on each. 

 ploii"licd in strips, or dug ill spaces about four feet ibosc who have already perused the piece, as | Manner of irrigating the lands, and dressing and iim ' 

 square As it was necessary to plough a furrow well as for the benefit of numerous subscribers, I ring meadow or low land .and irrigated upland, if ..m 



" \V ilhm n U' w years 1 have transplanted on my | ,j^^ „|- yp„^_ .,„,, „.hether sown with oats, barley, or »iti< 

 fiirni several hundred apple trees, some of which I grain, or alone. 



have been set ill Spring, and some in Auliiiiin:' The number of acres of pasture, llie part, ifany.di^ 

 !, 1 ■ . 1 I . -., .1, >. I i had previously been ploughed; when (his part «ms lai 



hut not reniemhcring to have lost n single tiee, IjI'^^P^ „,„, „Uind, and quantities of griss-seed sow 

 imiible to say which time is best. 1 nor acre. 



The method I have generally pursued is lhi«. j The number of .ipple trees on the farm; the proporii 

 Wherever the soil is thinner, or the land dryer i grafted ; whelher planted in orchanls or partly by lb 

 than I eoidd wish, I direct the holes to be dug K'""'-" »K'"";' ''.'•; •<•'"': ''•'■ iu»"'tity of winter ap,de 



. ' '^ I gnlliercd ami cider mad 



about four feet in diamcler. and Irom twenty to 1 „,^,„„prjf i,,^),;,,^ ^i.l^.r 



between each row, the mode of ploughing in strip 

 was found the best, as by turning the furrow t<i- 

 wards the tree, the land was belier drained. He- 

 sides raising the ground a little fioni the siirroiiml- 

 ing soil, half a buck load of loam was added to 

 raise the ground on which the tree was set. After 

 this was done, the strips or squares, as the case 

 might be, were appropriated to ihir eiillure of po- 

 tiitocH and giinten vegirtables. In a fi'W places 

 only the trees failed, from the insulliciency of the 



treatment of the Irecu, an 



