286 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



Mnr. 26, 1830. 



cm |iiirt oT tlio C'riinm, iwo varieties of tlin Olive, 

 are oPn ityrniniilul form iiiiil an ovul IVuii, nnd tiic i 

 other with pemliint branches and u lar(,'e liean- • 

 -ihapcil berry. They yiehl great cro(is ami resist 

 the frost. It is said llint these trees have existed 

 for several rciitiirio.", and aUhoii;:li tliey have !)een 

 often mutilated by the hand of in:iii and the teeth 

 of beasts, they have not ecaseil to throw out ' 

 sbootd nnd siicketv. They have becti cultivated ! 

 in the Ru-5sian Imperial (Jarden of Xikita, to pre- i 

 serve nnd propngate the sjjecics, with plants which 

 were received from Provence, and have endured 

 the rigorous winters of 1S2-5 and IS-26, while 

 those of Provence, in the same exposure perished 

 even to the root. You will observe, gentlemen, 

 that tlie frost here nlludc<l to, was not like those 

 which have desolated our southern dp|)nrtmcnt.':,but 

 an intensity of cold, wliicli was disastrous even 

 in the Crimen, and which formnntely did not in- 

 jure our plnnt^tions. It was the frost of January 

 the l"2th, 1820, which destroyed our Olives, to 

 tlio root.' 



T/ie Memoir of M. Dos Michels, having been 

 submit teil to the Conunittees on Nurseries and 

 Economicnl Plants, M. Loiseleiir Deslongchamps, 

 made an interesting report on the culture of the 

 Olive, nnd the imimrtanec of introducing ' these two 

 precious varieties ivhick are capable of resisting ten 

 or twelve degrees of cold below tlit zero of Reaumur's 

 Thermometer,' — equal to five above the zero of 

 Fahrenheit, — nnd recommended tlie following 

 resolutions to the llorticulturni Society, which 

 were adopted. 



1. 'That the Secretary General be instructed, 

 to write, directly, to the Administrators of the 

 Imperial Garden of Nikila, in the Crimen, request- 

 ing rootcil plants, cuttings, the ripe fruit, nnd cveti 

 Uees, if it is possible, of the two varieties of 

 Olives, which have been the subject of inquiry. 



2. ' That these plants and scions be cotifided to 

 Messrs Andihert, of Tonnclle, near Tarascon, 

 Robert, of Toulon, and Oes Michels, with a re- 

 quest, that they (ireserve and nndtiply them, nnd 

 liisseminate them throughout Provence and the 

 other parts of France, where the Olive can be cul- 

 tivated.' 



As these itieasures were adopted last March, it 

 is probable plants cnn soon be obtained, from M. 

 Robert, who is the Director of the Naval Garden 

 of Toulon, through the Consul of the United 

 States in Marseilles. II. A. S. I). 



than a heathen, will exert nil his power nnd fuel ^ 

 lies, by honest means to ncquire. 



When Count Runiford unilertcok tlie grent a re 

 philanthropic task of extirpating pau|icrism frt 

 .Munich, the capital of jiavaria, one of his fi 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, MARCH 26, 1830. 



CAVSZS, AsONiT.ClVr.yCES AND CURE or PiUPKIllSM. 



[The rullowlng remarks contain the substance of a Di<- 

 scrlation, delivered before the Chiirle^town Lyceum, by 

 the Editor of the Now Kngland Karnicr.] 



As 'in the multitude of counsellors there is safe- 

 ty,' so in a multitude of dissertations there may 

 lie valuable information. Many a mito makes u 

 tnass, and if we have many conirihutors to our 

 treasury of inti-lli-ct, the chance is increased that 

 our mental hoard will contain somewhat of that 

 wisdom, which Solomon declared to be ' more pre- 

 cious than rubies.' I, tliereli)re, presume to make 

 a few remarks on the important topic before our 

 association, although my predi-ro-sors in the ilis- 

 ciission have left but little fur me to glonii in the 

 field they have traversed. 



In remarking on this subject, I shall speak brief- 



ly of the more conmion causes of extr'-me pen- 1 and point out those paths of industry, which lui ,j 

 ury, the consequences Willi which it is attended, to thatcompetencc, which every man, not wor 

 and the remedies or palliatives for the evils, which 

 afflict the indigent ; including such preventive 

 means ns seem best adapted to our government 

 and state of society. 



1. Among the causes which lead to that abject 

 poverty, which cannot comn.and the common measures was to divide the city into districts, a 

 comHirts of life, I fear the most common, as to pri vide an inspector of the poor, for cacli d 

 well as the most deplorable, is the abuse of ardent . irict, who ' with his assistants, a ilcrgyninn,a pi 

 spirits. The money paid fur that slow, but dead- [ sician, a surgeon, and apothecary, undertook I 

 ly poison is often, in the course of a few j ears, 1 service without fee or reward from mere nio;i' 

 suflicient to place the poorest tenant of a prison of humanity and patriotism. The a]>olhe('i 

 or an alms-house in that enviable slate betwi.xt was simply reimbursed the original cost of I 

 iniligencc and afilucnce, which was the object of lueilicine lie furnished.' And we have known 

 the wise mail's prayer. The worse than waste , certain ' man of Ross,' in New England, prftclu 

 of property, is, however, the smallest item in the for a number of years, the necefsity of any jk 

 catalogue of evils which await the grntillcation of j person's applying to the town for assi.itance, 

 the sordid appetite for the jiernicioiis products of taking a little pains to make liiinscif ncquain' 

 the distillery. The whole man, soul as well as with the situation and |irus| eels of the poo 

 boily,beeomcs deteriorated — a prey to the anguish part of the population — lending them small su 



on emergencies sometimes without interest, 

 ploying them on a large farm, which lie own 

 and cultivated, and paying them for their lab 

 witli its produce, without making any extra chai 

 in seasons of scarcity, 



3. A cause of pauperism, too cointnon to 



of remorse — an outcast from all respectable soci 

 ety — the cause of misery to his family, friends 

 and connexions — sinks below the level of the 

 brute— is as fair a candidate for the State Prison, 

 or the gallows, as the poor-house; and if he es- 

 cape the destiny of a felon, or a pauper, 



dies n martyr, to the most loathsome nnd painful ' overlooked, is habitual indolence or an avers 

 diseases, which ever inflicted the penalty of trans- to useful employment. Habits of industry or 

 gression on a miserable delinquent. idleness are, generally, formed in early life. 1 



Although intemperance is, undoubtedly, the mental and corporeal ficullies of children sho 

 principal source from which are derived the evils I be kept in constant exercise. It were belter t 

 of extreme poverty, as well as of crime, yet, thanks I tliey should be employed like the daughters of 1 

 to llie efforts of Temperance Societies, nnd the i nae in attempting to fill riddle-sieves with water 

 awakened, corrected, and all pervading influence in learning to repeal the Greek alphabet ba 

 of public opinion, there are hopes, apparently wards, than to siifTer their powers of miml nnd 

 well founded, that this great fountain of misery, dy to remain without exercise or cultivation. 4 



primary Schools, when well managed, are, f 

 hajis, as useful in establishing habits of in<lus 

 as in comniunicaling knowledge. ' .\ttendanci 

 a school,' says a judicious writer, 'inures c 

 dreii to a reipiisite degree of restraint, and a di 



will be in a great measure sealed. And, I believe 

 in the opinion, so ably ndvocnted by the Rev. Dr 

 Fav, that if Intemperance can be eradi(;ated, 

 three fourths of the evils of pauperism will be 

 annihilated ; and the support of the few remain- 

 ing unfortunate occupants of prisons, as well as ion of time, employs their minds and prevents i 

 poor-houses, would scarcely be felt as a burthen ness and other vicious habits from taking rn 

 to the community. thus raisi,ig them to an elevated station among 



2. AnothercauseofpaBpcrism, especially among tional beings ; while the unfortunate offsfriiif 

 emigrants from Europe, and other strangers m indigence arc sufTerciI to loiter away their ei 

 the land, is the want of employment, and adequate ■ days on commons, in lanes and by-placcs, acqi 

 equivalent for labor. It is a hard, but not an iin-j habits of indolence and pilfering, give a loose 

 common case, for a man nnd his family to be both their own will and unrestrained tempers ; conj 



iiilt of 



fer for want of eniployinent, while some oth- 

 ers, perhaps in his irvmediato neighborhood, are 

 almost, or altogether as great sufferers for want of 

 their services. In this case knowledge is relief — 

 In every sea-port town, or other populous (dace, 

 frequented by foreigners, or strangers, offices of 

 intelligence arc, or should be established; in which, 

 for a suitable coinpen.sation, the names, occupa- 

 tions, places of residence, &c, of those, who wish 

 to employ, or to be employed, should be registered, 

 and such information dcp'siled as may meet the 

 wnnts of the two grent classes of mankind, those 

 who render, and those who pny for services. In 

 nddition to this, it ought to be considered n part of 

 the official duty of the selectmen, overseers of the 

 poor, or other superintendents of the police of 

 every city, town, parish, or other sin-ilnr body cor- 

 porate to iiinkn themselves acquainted with the per- 

 son,(ircumstances,habitsaiid prospects of every in- 

 dividual within the precincts of their authority. — 

 They will then be able to support the steps of 

 those who begin to falter in the journey of life, 



ing (the seed-bed of frntid) to screen them fr 

 conviction. The discipline of a well-goveri 

 school impresses on youthful minds siibordiiinli 

 industry, perseverance ; all of which arc as iicc 

 snry for the acquisition and preservation of p 

 perty, as for the' attainment of useful knowled| 

 [To be continued.] 



nniGiiTON Market — Monday, March 22. 

 (Reported for ihc Chronicle and Pairiot.) 



At market this dnv 279 Beef Cattle, SO Stor 

 nnd 2.'>4 Sheep— divide.! as follows : Old Mar 

 15G Beef Cattle, 2.5 Stores and 1 10 Sheep i«i 

 last wi'ck. X(ir Market, \2^ Beef Cnltle, (in. 

 ing .S3 unsol.l Inst week) fil Stores, (inchidin 

 unsold hist week) nnd 1 11 Sheep. 



The market today was uncommonly dull, ■ 

 sales went ofl' very heavily, owing probably loll 

 Inrgo qiiantily of sinughtcred beef on liaiiil, a 

 to tlio unfavorable slate of the wealber, which 

 day was very warm. We nre not aware t\ 

 prices varied materially from the last week 



