290 



FNEW ENGLAND FAKIMEK, 



April 2, ls;U1. 



niioiild be kept in liigli cultivalion fur the 4 or 5 

 ibiluwiug years ; after this period it ciiiiy be occa- 

 sionally in grass, wliicli however should he broken 

 ii|i uflcr i<hort and iVctiuent intcrvnl.-;, the gronnd 

 being always kep' In good heart. 



rRlNING. 



Jf the brunches of a young tree, issuing at and 

 above the re<|uiiiite hciglit, be made by pruning to 

 diverge from the trunk in every direction above 

 llie liorizontiil, and tlio inlcrior of these be carc- 

 fuUy kept Ironi any interference with each other 

 for a few years, little pruning will ever afterwards 

 be necessary. 



The most suitable period for pruning is from 

 about the middle of April to the last of May. 

 Wounds however, during the longest day in July, 

 Jioal remarkably soon, for even a tree debarked 

 during this period, renews its bark JMimediately. 



I have noticed notwithstanding, that very late 

 and very severe i>rui)ing or heading,l)y giving to the 

 tree a too sudden shock iluriug the season of its 

 most rapid growth, has the effect of throwing the 

 tree into a sort of j)aralysis, which, if it do not 

 kill the tree outright, (a circumstance not uncom- 

 mon,) at least sto;)s its growth for that season. 



I noticed this more particularly in a very large 

 liirifiy tree of a variety of the Spitzenburg. This 

 tree 1 cwised to be headed down in about fifty 

 diflcrent brancho.*, with a view of changing the 

 kind, and the operation was performed about 

 the last of June. The conse<pience was, that the 

 tree, by this suilden stoppage in its circulation 

 during the season of its most vigorous growth, 

 was thrown into a torpid or dormant state ; it 

 grew no more, or but very feebly, dming the 

 whole of that season, though it recovered and 

 grew vigorously again the following year. 



Trees ought never to be pruned in February 

 or March iti our climate, this occasions invetcrr.tc 

 canker; thi.- is the season when most trees, and 

 particularly the .Sirgar Maple and the vine, are 

 Known to bleed most profusely and injuriously. 

 VV'hen therefore I discover in an apple tree those 

 black cankered spots where a limb has been 

 pruiied off, and the bark for perhaps several feet 

 ix'low, equally as black and i)L'rlectly dead, 1 

 cannot but be certain that .«ucli trees were pruncil 

 in February or March, and that such calamities 

 are but the eflect of their bleeding. 



Old trees in their declining years, should be 

 pruned very .sparingly, their trunks being too old 

 lor the repro lucion and sustenance of a crop (jf 

 new ar)d fruitful wood ; and the old bearing wood 

 should be preserved, — nothing taken away except 

 the dead branches and suckers. 



I have seen old trees, wliosc branches were yet 

 .TMunally loaded with fruit, des](oiled at rince by 

 the hand of man of half their bearing wood, under 

 the mistaken idea that the destruction of the 

 one half of the tree would confer n benefit on 

 the remainder, and render them still more jiro- 

 ductive. 1 noticed however that the effect thus 

 produced, was directly the reverse, as their total 

 destruction invariably Pillowed as a consequence 

 not long after. 



YELI-0\V SrANlSlI CHERRY. 



Mr Russki.l — I noticed in a cnmnHmicalion 

 irnin Mr Foster, of IVovidence, piddlshod in the 

 New 1^n^land Farmer a few months since, under 

 ihe head of superior varli.'lies df fruits, (hat he 

 mentioned the Yellow Spanish Cherry, as a name 

 I inny have given to .-i diflcrent fruit from that de- 



scribed inider the same title by European authors, j say 20 dollars, but being well formed and of higl 

 as I had rCconnnendeil it in my treatise as valua- character, is estimated by the club at 100 ilullart 



ble for its .size, flavor and bearing. The European 

 authors I have found very apt to copy discriptions 

 of fruits from each other without examining for 

 themselves. The Yellow Spanish Cherry has been 

 long cultivated. Miller, in his fifth edition, of 

 the Gardener's Dictionary, printed in 1741, 

 in describing that fruit refers to Tournefort's In- 

 slit;itions of Botany, printed in 171C,it has there- 

 fore been cultivated for more than a century. I 



In order to defraud E he must (in jockey lao 

 guage) ' be brought on,' and made to believe, ilia 

 the horse is very valuable. To this end A por > 

 poses ' to trade' with C who has a horse cstiiiia 

 ted at 80 dollars. They agree ' to leave out' t 

 J{ and D, and after a fi>rmal consultation llie 

 ' brine in,' that C must pay to A as 'boot' 1 

 dollars. C 'stands' to- the verdict; A 'fall 

 back.' Then C offers .-V 15 dollars ; but A re 



imported it from England in the year 1802; the j fuses that sum. E having been generously tret 

 tree is of a strong, vigorous growth; the fruit is , ted, and seeing the whole transaction, and n< 

 remarkable for its beauty and size ; the .\nierican ; suspecting fraiiil, supposes the horses to be wort 

 climate must, therefore, be better adapted to it, j ubcui 100 dollars, cs|.'ecially as A has refiist 

 than that of Europe, as there is no cherry in our ' to trade' for fifteen. Finally E becomes willin 

 market that commands so good a jirice, and I to leave out to B and C, and they decide wit 

 have no cherry in my collection so much admired, some gravity, that E must give 20 dollars and 5 

 It is also a good bearer when the tree has attain- cents, astonishing precision 1 E su[q)osing fro 

 ed to a tolerable size, I can only account for its be- what he has seen, that he is about to make a got 

 ing called in Europe on indifferent hearer by the 'trade,' abides by the report. A after some lie 

 practice pursued there of training cherry trees, as ilaiion abides also, and the ' trade' is complete 

 es[ialicrs, which, from the vigor of its growth, I Should E after he finds liimself duped ai 

 the Yellow Spanish does not admit of asjit can — cheated, pursue A by the law, his cause is ahiio 

 not well be confined and forced into short spurs hopeless ; for A will have the whole club at I 

 and branches as the May Duke and other cherries, | command to assist him as witnessfs. 

 but throws out strong branches and forms a large | The above facts are drawn principally, from tl 

 spreading head of a globular form. 



I am yours respectfully, 

 Linniran Botanic Garden, } WM. PRINCE. 

 Ftushivg, March 23, 1830. | 



BEWARE OF JOCKEY CLUBS. 



JMr Fessendek — .\s your paper has become 

 a great repository of useful knowledge ; as you 

 have published many i)ieccs on the management 

 of that useful animal, the horse ; and as this is a 

 day of spreading information before the public ; 

 I thought that it might be of service to the 

 community to expose the nefarious practice of a 

 club that infests society, and lives upon rapine and 

 fraud. 



This club is composed of difterent grades, per- 

 haps the greatest part gamblers. A few have 

 some proi)erty, and appear by their exterior ap- 

 pearance to be fair men ; the greatest part, bow- 

 ever, are not men of property and reputation. As 

 a body, mio and iiulivisible, they are cunning, 

 crafty, plausible, designing, and act upon no moral 

 principle. Their object is to deceive and defraud 

 the unwary and unsuspecting ; and no matter how, 

 or in what way, their object is effected. To a 

 stranger, they often appear not to know each other ; 

 especially when they have an object in view ; and 

 to manage, by shifting horses for the present (jur- 

 pose, tlia» the real owner of the horse is the judge 

 of the difference between his horse, and the horse 

 of the ])erson whom he intends to defraud. The 

 club have their signs and words known lunoiig 

 themselves. 



There is great ilecnption in horses. Many of 

 their diseases are hidden. They are so prepared 

 (to use their own language) ' for trade,' that the 

 deception is net always discovered until the animal 

 is put to labor. 



To illustrate a very common fraud or nuide of 

 operation, we will make a statement, which is va- 

 ried as occasion requires. A, II, C, and I) aro 

 of the club, and each has one or two horses at his 

 command. E is an iinsuspecling man, probably 

 knows nothing cd'the characters About him. Ho 

 has a horse worth (iO dollars, anil at first has no 

 great disposiiion ' to trade.' A has a horse 

 i which in feci belongs to B worth but very little,' IS'io, Dec 



testimony of w ituesses called to give true cviden 

 in a legal way. 



We shall close this paper with stating a ca: 

 which may answer for many. An industrio 

 young man, well known to the writer, purchas 

 u small horse, worth, say 35 dollars. He had 

 ilisposition to try his fortune ' at trade,' and ) 

 this purpose went to Jockey Lane, a well knoi 

 and long established place for the business, 

 this state. Our equestrian was credulous, unsi 

 peeling, and not a good judge of the artic 

 There he made several ' trades,' hoping evi 

 time to better his circumstances. The busini 

 Went on rapidly — ' trade' after ' trade.' Hn 

 over, he returned home with the same pony w 

 which he left it, having only paid in 'boot' 

 dollars I .\ fine day's work lor a farmer. 



BEWARE or JOCKEY IME! 



March 10, 1830. 



FOR THE NEW LXGLANI) KARMER. 



Mr F'essenden — Should you think the follcP 

 ing of any use, you may insert the same in ' 

 columns of the Farmer. The Tliorniometer 

 been kept in one place, in the slK.^b•, the no 

 side of mv house, during the winter monihs. 

 .1/nii,^/;fW, .Varc/i 16, 1830. R. GREEN ^ 

 The colilest day in every vear, from Janu 

 1S23, to March 15, 1830. 



Whenever llic mercury stands at, or below 9 ii 

 the weather, may be considered as severely a ,^, 

 The following will show all the cold day%i T' 

 which the mercury stood at or below zero, I i^ 

 Jan. 1, 1824, to March 15, 1830. 

 1824, Feb. 2, Siinriso 



13, 



beloNt fc 



