Ml- Hull's Qiiilil)lei-, however, aftuiileil the most 

 jxtiMorihiiary instance on recoid, of the stoutness 

 IS well as speed of the race-horse. In Deeeitiher 

 17S6, he ran tvvcntytliree miles round the flat at 

 Vewiiiarket, in fiftyseven minutes and ten sec- 

 )iids. 



[ To be continued next iceek ] 



Vol. VIH.— No. 38. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



301 



IIORTICULTUltE. 



Mr Fessenden — In the Revue Hortieole, of 

 he Bon Jardinier, for 1830, jiresented to the 

 rtiissaehusetts Horticultural Society, by Mr Vil- 

 '1 norin, are several very interesting articles, on new 

 nodes of culture, and iinpruvenienls in the vari- 

 lus hranches of gardening, three of which I have 

 ;xtracted for the New England Farmer. That in 

 elation to the colour of the gauze for protecting 

 papes, is deserving the attention of persons, who 

 :idtivate that delicious fruit. 



Last season I noticed that Nathan Bridge, 

 Esq. of Charlestown, who is distinguislieil, for his 

 " iiiccessful managenunt of the vine, had covered 

 is grapes with hags, made of black horse hair ; 

 5ut more generally some lohile substance is im- 

 |)ropcrly used. 



With great consideration, 



Your obedient servant, 

 Brinhy Place, \ H. A. S. DEARBORN. 

 March 30, 1830. f 



rXTRACT NO. XIV. 



From the Bon Jardinier of 1830. 

 ' At a dinner, in company with a physician, we 

 ,vere served with grapes. Two dusters attracted 

 )ur particular attention : it would have been dif- 

 iciilt to have selected any more unequal in si^c 

 ind appearance tp^'je of 'lieiii was large, i)erfect- 

 y niw^'id.iiiKa'rir.?-, Jt, and the other was scarcely 

 !ita()le ; nevorlhelesR, we v/ere assured, that they 

 were both taken from the same vine ; hut that 

 the first had been covered with black gauze, and 

 the second with white, to protect them from in- 

 sects ; our surprise then ceased. 



' The cause is very plain, and the explanation 

 easy, when it is recollected, that the black color 

 accumulates the heat and the white repels it.' 



This fact, so interesting to the cultivators of 

 Grapes, was illustrated by Dr Franklin, in the 

 following satisfactory manner, which he commu- 

 nicated to Miss Stephenso.v, in a letter dated 

 Sept. 20, 1761. 



My experiment was this : I took a number of 

 little pieces of broadcloth, from a paltern-card, of 

 various cidors. There were black, deep blue, 

 lio-hter blue, green, purple, red, yellow, white, and 

 othei colors. I laid them all out upon the snnw, 

 In a bright sun-shiny morning. In a few hours, 

 ilhe black, being warmed most by the sun, was 

 Bunk so low, as to be below the stroke of the sun's 

 rays ; the dark blue, almost as low, and the other 

 colors less, as they were lighter; and the white 



!B remained on the surface of the snow, not having 

 entered it at all. 



What signifies ph'losnphy that does not apiily 

 to some use ? May we not learii from hence, that 



i fruit walls being hiackeil may receive so nir.cli 

 heat from ilie sun, in the day time, as to continue 

 warm in some degree through the night, and 

 th'Tiby preserve the fruit from frosts, or forward 

 its growth ?' 



Tl'.e o-.periment, thus intimated by the illustri- 

 ous Franklin, has been successfully mr.de by gar- 

 den -rs. H. A. S. D. 



EXTRACT NO. XV. 



Essay npon placing Cuttings in water to induce 

 them ts throw out roots.— By M. Neijmann. 



It will be recollected, that more than twenty 

 years since, the late Professor Thouin, put a great 

 number of scions into water, for physiological ex- 

 periments, whoso wood was of all degrees of 

 hardne-ss, and that the results were extremely va- 

 rious. These experiments are described in the 

 second volume, page 562, of the Cours de Cul- 

 ture of this venerated professor, published by M. 

 Oscar le Clerc, his nephew and pupil ; by 

 which it is seen, that M. Thouin is not the inventor 

 of the method of obtaining rooted cuttings in 

 water, but that he recommended this process, for 

 riniltiplying rare trees, which cannot be done by 

 the ordinary modes. 



This advice has been followed, and by placinj 

 cuttings in water, M. Neumann has been enabled 

 to cause the scions of tlie Blakea trinervia, Conn- 

 carpus crecta, Portlandia grandiflora, and others to 

 throw out roots, whose multiplication is very dif- 

 ficult, by the ordinary process. 



' In the month of March last,' he observes, ' I 

 placed some of these plants in little bell glasses 

 filled with water of the Seine; I plunged these 

 vases in the tan of a hot bed, and covered them 

 with other bell glasses, as is commonly done with 

 cuttings. Fifteen days lifter, I perceived that 

 several of my cuttings had already roots an inch 

 in length, while those of the same si>ecie.s, which 

 had been in the earth, under bell glasses, for four 

 months, had not exhibited any appearance of 

 roots. 



' I feared that my plants, wlien taken from the 

 water, would not accommodate themselves to the 

 earth, in which I might place them; but my fear 

 was unfounded, for 1 can show at this moment, 

 plants obtained in this manner, which look re- 

 markably well.' 



The Olove-tree, Carynphyllus aromaticus, which 

 no one had been able to graft, or raise from cut- 

 tings, has been submitted to this experiment ; it 

 begins to form granulations, and M. Neumann has 

 strong expectations that roots will appear. 



Thus the signal has been given. M. Neumann 

 states that he has not changed the water of his 

 cuttings ; the attempt can be made to change it, 

 or to prevent its being in contact with the air con- 

 tained under the bell glass, &c. No doubt this 

 method is susceptible of improvement. 



extract no, XVI. 



A new method of Grafting. — By M. Martin de 

 Bressolles. 

 It is well known, that an apple scion grafted on 

 a paradise stock sooner yielils fruit and of a larger 

 size than when grafted on a free,* or on a wild 

 stock ; and it is certain, that it is in consequence 

 of the little vigor and the feebleness of the para- 

 dise stock, that we derive this advantage. It is 

 also known, that paradise stocks do not flourish in 

 dry anil light soils, because its feeble and sho/t roots 

 cannot extend themselves and descend sufliiciently 



• A free stocic is one of any kind of fruit, raised froai a 

 cultivated or grafted species ; a wUd stock is one raised 

 (rom the seed of ungrafted trees. 



Jeep, to receive the requisite nourishment. From 

 these facts, M. Ue Bressolles has endeavored to 

 obtain the advantages and avoid the inconvenien- 

 ces of the paradise stock ; and he believes he has 

 attained this object, by i>laiiting out, at first, the 

 free or wild apple stocks and inserting on these, 

 grafts of the paradise apple, upon which he finally 

 grafts, when they arc siifticienlly developed, the 

 superior species of apple, which he wishes to 

 inuhiply. 



It results from this in'acticc, that the free and 

 wild stocks, extending their roots farther, in all 

 kinds of soil, than the paradise, a more certain 

 and vigorous vegetation is produced in the stock ; 

 and that when the paradise wood is inter|>osed be- 

 tween the stock and the graft of superior fruit, it 

 moderates this vegetation and does not allow the 

 sap to rise too rapidly and abundantly into the top 

 of the tree, — or rather, di.os not permit the de- 

 scending, or atrial sap, to descend towards the 

 nxits with too great facility ; for it is very certain 

 that the obstacles which arc opposed to the do- 

 scent of the sap, increase the size of the fruit and 

 accelerates their maturity ; the removing a ring of 

 bark, and grafting on paradise stock-s, are conclu- 

 sive ])roofs of this. 



By this process, dwarf apple trees can be ob- 

 taine<l, like those which are formed by ingrafting 

 on paradise slocks : when the free, or wild stock, 

 has obtained the size of the finger, ingraft or bud 

 it four or five iin lies above the ground, with a 

 paradise apple ; if grafted in the spring, the para- 

 dise scion will be sutficiently large in .\ugust to 

 receive the bud of a superior fruit ; and this bud 

 should he inserted on the paradise scion, one or 

 two inches above the free or wild stock, to obtain 

 the desired result ; that is to say, to produce a 

 fertile tree and large fruit, it is sufficient, that this 

 small space of paradise wood be interposed, be- 

 tween the free or wild stock, and the graft of su-. 

 perior fruit. 



If tree-stocks are desired, with a dwarf liead, 

 the free or wild stocks should be grafted or budded 

 with the [laradiso-five or six feet above the ground, 

 then insert on this the bud or scion of the supe- 

 rior fruit as .above described. 



M. de Bressolles has not grafted any other trees 

 than the apple in this mode ; but it can be equal- 

 ly well applieil to the pear, by interposing the 

 quince, because this performs the same part, and 

 produces the same effect upon the pears as does 

 the paradise stock on the apples.' 



Fortunately we have the means of extending 

 the benefits of this mode of grafting, to Plums, 

 Peaches, Nec^tariiies anil Apricots, by the aid of a 

 native Dwarf Plum Tree, found in abundance on 

 that large sandy island, which extends from the 

 nionth of the Merrimac to tliat of Ipswich river, 

 and to which it has given the name of Plum 

 Island. 



Some five years since, being on that almost de- 

 sert island of drifting sand, at the (leriod the fruil; 

 of these small trees wa< ripe, I brought home and 

 planted a few of the stones. They readily vege- 

 tated and last year they bore plums ; which are 

 nearly round, purple colored, and about the size 

 of a rnay-duke cherry. These beautidd little 

 trees are now not more than three feet high ; 

 the stocks from a half an inch to an incii in di- 

 ameter ; much branched, with an expanded and 

 roundish head. They are remarkably healthy, 

 vigorous and hardy, admirably adapted fi)r ex- 



