338 



NEW ENGLAM) FAKMER, 



Mi>y U, 1830. 



MASSACllL'jjKTTri lIOItTlLLXTUKAL SO- 

 CIETY. 

 An account of Ihu |iruee<:ijiii^'!i of the Miissa- 



Tiie ^iirfaru of the sli-in is eithci' smooth, rough, uppi-r Huriuce, niid u hiirtlVil one to the under, 

 viscid, Kculy, wurty, brislk-il, hiiirv, ilowny or cov- IMiiny leaves fulil thernsnlvee together when light 

 ered wllli >ioli tuherclex, us in the ice pliint. It is i« v.itiidrawn n-oiii them, and e.v|iiind again on tlie 



striiited with fine |i<irallel hnef, or ninrc (h;e|ily retnrniii!; heunis of the sun. ISy ahsorpiion of chu>ettn Horticulturul Society, at n special meet 

 furrowed ; sonietinies it liiis purphsli spnt.-. The nioiMtnre ihey are refreshed, and liy eviiporaiion in^ hilil anhe Hall of the Institution on the 8lh 

 rnner part of the stem is either Roiid wiili a pith in they fade and wither. Some h'aves are tuhular and of .May, 1830. 



the centre ; or hollow and lined with u white meni- ; retain water in their hollows to supply their roots, Report made by H. A. S. Dkarbor:*, President 

 branc. The Mature of the .--teni agrees in many |.ns in the sarraccnia. The green color of the . of the Society. 



Tesperls with that of tlio caudi.x, e.-pcuially in , leaves is owing to the action of ligiit. Plants Since the last niceiing, tlie following ccmmu- 

 trees nnd shrnlis. When the stem i.s wantinj.', ^'rowing in the dark are of a sickly white; hut j nications have heeu received. 



the plant is called acaiUis, as in the dai.'-y. The become green on exposure lo light. Le.tves are | 1. A letter from Robert Barclay, Esq., a copy 

 Stems of some plants occasionally grow ill a broad someiimes spotted, striped, &c, hence they an: I of which is annexed. 



flat form, loaded with leaves or iloweri-, or both, called variegated. This may depend on tome (lis- ( Bury Hill, .Voo.i, ISiS. 



especially at the exlreiniiy. Tliis originates from ease. The leaves of the aniaranthus tricolor are „ ,, , , ( Voiiking, Surry, Eng. 



,. ... " . 11 • 1 I -.1 I I I 1 til Sir — I have the pleasure to acknowledge the 



a disease, or a sport ot nature. naturally ailorncd with splendid colors. All - ,,,.«./.. , 



o /-. I .ni ■ • 1 1- . .• 1 1 • ■! I 1 . .1 .• r rec.»(pt of your favor, of the 12tli of. August last, 



2. Calmiis. Tins is the peculiar stem ol leaves are, more or less, irritable to the action ol i , . '. ■' , . ., , ,, • ■ , 



, . , , I .1 1 If I ..1.1 ■ .1 ■.• 1 .. 'advising me that the Massachusetts llorticuliuial 



grasses, rushes, &e. It bears both leaves nnd light, some to the touch, as in the sensitive plant. „ . , , , , , , , ■ 



S 1 • 1 • . 1 1 I c L • .1 .1 r 1- u. .1 . I Society bad done me tlic honor ol electing mean 



flowers, and in this respect comes under the de- , Such is the stimulus of light, that many leaves i, ■' .... ,. , • ■ , 



- 1- 1 . ■ 11 1 •. ■ . a . .11 . I , honorary incmher of that excellent Iiislitution, and 



nominution of acaulis ; but is easily known by its and many nowei's turn themselves towards and | -' , , ■ . . > . 



, c •. • .- 11 1 111 o I sent me a iiamphlet containing the charter, 0:,c, 



appearance. In most grasses, corn, &c, it is follow the sun m bis diurnal coiir.se. Some . .... . . , , 



, 1 . .1 ■ , , , for which I return my Iwst tbaiiRS, and request 



!xpaiid only m the morning and close be- . •' ,. ^ , 



jointed in a peculiar manner, and then it cannot flowers expaii 



be mistaken. In some grasses and rushes it is . fore night; a few, however, exfiand iu the eve- 



destitute of joints 



jning. The exhalation of moisture from the leaves 



3. Scapus, scape is a stalk which springs im- 1 is very great : a leaf, when taken from a plant, by 

 mediately from the root, bearing flowers and fruit, I exhalation soon withers, unless the foot-stalk he 

 birt not leaves as in the dandelion and marsh rose- placed in water, or exposed to a damp almos- 



yoii to communicate my readiness to promote the 

 interests of the Society. 



1 have to beg their acceniance of a new and 

 va uable Encyclopeilia of Plants, by Koudon.which 

 I low send under the core of my friend nnd cor- 



. 11 <- 1 /- 1 It, 1 • 1 •. 11 1 u • . rr^i respondent Thomas Nultall, Esq, of Cambridge, 



mary : the stalk of the former is simple and single I phere, in which it will absorb moisture. I he ^ , ■ . .; 



a J • .1 1 • • 1 1111 ' r 1 1 • .1 u .1 . r • am with respect, &c. 



flowered ; in the latter it is branched, and has many leaves, while in the sun, have the property of cor- ijorprt" llAUri AV 



flowers. Some of the terms applied to the stem 

 raulis, are occasionally applied also to the cal 

 mils and scapus. 



Pedujiculus, — peduncle, the flower stalk which 



recting impure air, loaded with carbonic .icid gas, ' 

 produced by the breathing of animals and tjie de- 

 compositions of various substances ; but on the 

 contrary, corrupt the pure air in the night, or 



ROBERT BARCLAY. 

 H. A. S. Dearbob.v, Esq. 



2. A l".tlcr from S. W. Smith, Esq. of Provi- 

 dence, Rhode Island, with scions of the Wilkin- 



«nrin"s from ilip <jtpni or hr-inchps nn.l lipnrs flow- tl'e shade by ibrowiiig out the impure. They, in „ . i . i o • . i .l 



springs iroin ine stem or nrancnes and ucars now- j "_ ■ . . . ■" son Ptar, iiresenled to the Society by the pronric- 



pra nnd fruit but lint lpnvp« nnrninnlilv 1 1,,, the Slin, absorl) CarbomC acid gaS, SO injurious to . rl . • «-. 1 1 11 L • ■ 



crs anu iruii, nut not leaves. ^./ommonij tiic | . ,', , , i l ,: tor of he estate, in Cnniberlond, where the oriiri- 



flowpr Ki.Tlk nri.riiintpu hptwppii n IpnC mid ti,.. ' animals, decomiiose It, and exhale the pure vital , /..i • r r •. 



nower siniK originates oetween a leai anu ine ' ' ' , , , . , nal tree, of this superior variety of fruit was pro- 



stem, or between the stem and a branch. It is "i/, "^.ygc"- H'C carbonic acid exhaled in '''e , ^^^^^ ^^j ^^^^^.^j'^^ 



either terminal Br lateral ; solitary, clustered or 

 scattered ; simple or branched. Soinuinie* it is 

 naked, and sometimes it is furnished with brnc- 

 teaa ; but rarely with tendrils. Flowers which 

 Lave no stalk are called sessile. 



C. Peliolus, — jietiole, the foot-stolk of a leof. 

 It i.4 commonly channelled on the upper side and 

 dilated at the base. It is either simple, as in the 

 apple tree ; or compound, having a number of 

 partial petioles, as in the locust. It is well sup- 

 plied with sap vessels, and sometimes has a ten- 

 dril, as in the pea. Sessile leaves are such as 

 have no foot-stalk. 



6. Frons — a frond. This term is only used 



night is overbalanced by the large quantity of it | 

 absorbed in the day, by the influence of ihe sun. | 

 The carbonic acid exhaled by a plant in a whole '■ 



In -•onseqiience of the great favor conferred 

 ijpoM- the Society, by Mr Wilkinson, and the od- 



... . . », . I-..1 • . .1 , vantages which Horticulture derives, from the in- 



night amounts to but little in compan.son to the , " . . , , ., ,. , ,„ 



, " ■. r 1 1 1 .1 troduclion of a new niid valuable kind of Pear, 



large quantitv of oxygen produced by llie same! , „ . ,, . . , ,. ' 



, " .' •, . ,,,i , . , the t.xecutive tommittee has nanieil him an 



plant in two hours sun. 1 be leaves seem to be ,, , .... ^ . „ . 



', . . r .1 11 11.1 Honorary member, and he has been onicially in- 



the extension of the alburnum, and when they > , i " <• . ■ , ,. 



, r t .1 ■ a: I 1- 1 formed of this mark of respect, 



have performed their omce, become disengaged i „ ., „ i> •• ,, , r, 



„ . , r ti a- t ■ . ■ o o 3 A letter from Isenjamin Vaughan, Esq. with 



from it, and fall off, leaving a cicatrix. . , . ^ . . ■ , 



™, ... i- . . ■ ... J , scions of two fine apiiles, which he esteems as 



The nutritions juices of the earth, imbibed by ; , , , ',' ', , ,. ., 



, „, .1 111 valualile varieties. Ihey have tieen distributed, 



the fibrous roots, become sap, anil are carried by ap- . , . .•' ^, ■ , . 



,' ., . c .1 r .■<• .• and a letter expressive of our sratefiil acknowlcilg- 



propnate vessels to tlie parts ot the friicliticalion, /• ■ • , . , '. . ■ 



I ' . . ,, . .11 f 1 1 ments lor this kind ntltention, transmitted lo 



but principally into the substance of the leaves, . . 



there to he acted upon by air and light, assist- ,' .r-, .• ,, • , , ■ , ^ 



, , , . , . . 1 ,1 . , , 4. llie following has been received from the 



ed by heat and moisture, and then returned by ,. • , .,, .. " 

 in the class of Ciyptogamia, and applies to such ,,^0,,^.^ vessels into the bark, to be carried ,„ """■ •">"" ^> i'"«->-- „ . , - ., „ ,„,. 



leaves as bear flowers and fruit, as in f«nis, ' ^^^rv part of the plant for which it was designed, hon U A S DEtBBoHs ^"''"""'"'•■^P^' '^'^>^" 

 which bear seed on the back of the leaf j „„j \^,g^c further modified. In trees the sap as- i P>™' Ma«i. Ilort. P«i..r. 



7. SUpta, — a stipo is the Ftem of a frond, or j ceinls (by some power not yet well understood,) ! As much has appeared in the New England 

 (he stalk of a fungus, as in the mushroom. | principally along the outside layer of wood, and [ Earnier, in relation to a variety of the potato 



Leaves. The leaf,/o/ium, is a very important ' >» returned along the inside layer of bark, the li- 1 "hich has been thought excellent, called the ' Ro- 

 orgaii; but it is not absolutely necessary to alljlx^r. By all these agents, air, light, beat, &c, a j Kt-'rs Potato,' I have tent lo l.rhaiion, in the Stale 

 lilanis, for Ihe stems and stalks of some plants ! material, chemical change is effected in the sap, "f" Connecticut, where they are cultivated, and 

 perform its oflice. Leaves are commonly so I 'lidering according to the diversity of the species, j '""I"!' <''*'««-•""'''. and procured a cask, for distri- 

 formeil as to prcseiil o large surface lo the al- 1 Thus reKinoiis,mucilHginous,saccharine,bitler,aci(l j '»"'"'"""'""<; '''O-" of the Society, who are so 

 mosphere. They are generally annual, but some nnd other secretions are produced, according to the | " ell disposed to improve this excelleiil root, 

 survive two or more seasons. Those plants which peculiar construction or organizaliim of the liaf, j I am respectfully yours, 



are always in leaf, are called evergreens. The ""<' hxiged in different cells and vessels, nnd llie J- WELLES. 



substance of ihe leaf is vascular uiid pulpy, and 1 superfluous matter thrown off by perspiration.! The very ncceptahic present of Mr Welles, has 

 clothed with a cuticle, which is various in differ- ! Phmts differ materially in their flavor and qnali- j '•«*" received nnd placed in iho Hull for distribu- 

 ent spcrics of plants; but its pores are so construe- ''f" "f th'-ir leaves, all which must depend on ihe •'""• 



ted as to admit of .vuporatiDii or absorption of "perniion of the leaf itself ; for tho common snp 6. A letter* from James Mease, Esq. Vice 

 moisture, and to admit and throw out air. Light, "fl'ImHH, from which all their. secreiions are mnde, Presi.lent of the Horticultural Society, of Pcnn- 

 air, moisture, heat, and cold have important effects diflers very lillle, in pinnts of different species and sylvanin. 



on tho leaves of plants. Leaves haven natural q""'''"'"*'; those (pialilies depending upon these- 6- Letters acknowledginj; Iho receipt of the 

 tenUcncy lo present iheir upper surface towards creted fluid, produced principally by the leaves. J -The i^ihlirTtToiTof .hi, icIi^r.liTa, ac^omp.nviag 

 the light, which BCM as a healthy 8;iinulus to tho I [To it eotuinutd tum lettk] commui>ic»Uoo wo •re obliged lo defer till dcxI week. 



