348 



INI<:W i:MM AN.) FAUMI-U, 



Mny 21, 1830 



LIBRARY OF ISKFLL KNOWLEDGE. 



,„nMfd/r,mraiit 3-11. ) 

 HIAJTF.R IV. 



1 /ni'tr(e4rtt/(-(/ nniiiml:; lire tli 

 vcrteltro!. 



uliich have no : or yrin.leri ; ati.l l^.e^e iiioliir Uell. I.nve flat 

 crowns witli riilsis of enninel, «ml lliat i-iiaiiiel 



Tilt: DIIFERENT BllKKUS OK ENGLISH 1 

 llORriKS. 

 Tiir: IRISH iioRSk:. 

 In sonic of l!io rKli (irii/.iii^' counli.s, ns Mcul 

 an.l RoscoiniiKin, n larf;«; Ion;; blooi! Iiorr^e is roar- 

 ed of coiisi.lerabl.; value, but he nel.loin has the 

 elconcc of ihe Eii^'hsh horse ; he is larger heail- 

 ed, more leg!;)-, ra}rj;ed hii.pcl, nn|,'iilar, yet Willi 

 great power in the qii iricrs, much aepth beneath 

 the knee, stout and liai.ly, full of fire and coiirase, 

 and the btst leaper in the world. 



The Irish horse is feiicrally smaller than the 

 English. I :« is stinted in his growth, for the pov- 

 erty and custom of the country liave imposed upon 

 him much hard work, at a time when he is unfit 

 for labor of any kind. For this reason, too, the 

 Iri-sh horse is deficient in speed. There is, how- 

 ever, another explanation of this. The Irish 

 thorough-bred horse is not equal to the En- 

 glish. Ho is comparatively a weedy, Uggy, wortli- 

 less animal, and very little of l.im enters into the 

 composition of the hunter or the hackney. 



Vor leaping the Irish horse is unrivalled. It is 

 not, however, the leaping of the Eiiglisli horse, 

 striding as it were over a low fence, and stretch- 

 ed at his full length over a higher one ; it is the 

 proper jump of the deer, beautiful to look at, difli- 

 cult to sit, and both in height and extent, unequal- 

 ed by the English horse. 



There are very few horses in the agricultural 

 dislriits of Ireland exclusively devoted to draught. 

 The minute division of the farms renders it impos- 

 Bible for them to be kept. The occupier even of 

 n tolerable sized Irish farm, wants a horse that 

 shall carry him to market, and draw his small 

 car, and perform every kind of drudgery— a 

 horse of all work; therefore the thorough draught 

 horse, whether Leicestershire or Suffolk, is rarely 



found. 



If we look to the commerce of Ireland, there 

 are few stage wagons, or drays with immense 

 cattle belonging to them, but almost everything 

 is done by one horse carts. In the North of Ire- 

 land, some stout horses are employed in the car- 

 riage of hiien, but the majority of the ;^orron3 used 

 in agriculture or commercial pur^uit^ are misera- 

 ble and half starved animals. In the north it is 

 Bomewhat better. There is a native breed in Ul- 

 ster, hardy, and sure footed, but with little pre- 

 tension to beauty or speed. 



CHAPTER V. 



THE ZOOLOOICAL CL13SI IIC ATION OK TUE II0R3F.. 



There are so many thousand species of living 

 beings some 80 much rcjembhngeach other, and 

 gome 8o strangely and altogether different, that 

 it would have been impossible to have arranged 

 Ihrm ill any onh r, or to have given any desciip- 

 tion that coul.l he understood, had not naturalists 

 • ngreed on certain peculiarities of form which 

 ghould characterize certain cla.s.«cs, and other Ics- 

 Ber peculiiirilics ugiiiii .ubdividing these classes. 



The first division of animals is into verttbrattd 

 and xnvrrtthraltd. 



Vtritbrattd animals are those which have a rra- 

 n.urn, or bony cavity containing the brain, and u 

 BUCcesHion of the bones called the spine, and the 

 divi-ioiiB of it, vtrUhnr, proceeding (rom the cra- 

 nium, and containing n prolongation of the brain, 

 denominated the j;/iiia( marroxe. 



The horse then belongs to the division vtrttbra- 

 Ud, because he has a cranium or skull, and a spine 

 or range of vertebne proceeding from it. 



The vertebruli'd animals, howevei, are very nu- 

 merous. They include man .piadrupe.ls of all | 

 kinds, birds, fishes, and many reptiles. We hx.k I 

 ni.t then for some sub.livision, and a very simple i 

 line of distinction is soon presented, ti'iuie of 

 these verlebrated animals have mamma or leaty,| 

 with which the females suckle their young. The 

 human female has two, the mare has two, the cow 

 four, the bitch ten or twelve, aiul the sow more 

 than twelve. 



This class of vertebratcd animals, having inam 

 niie or teats, is called mammalia, and the horse he- 

 longs to the division vtrttbrata, and the class mam- 

 malia. 



The class mammalia is still exceedingly Inrge, 

 and we must again subdivide it. It is stated (Li- 

 brary of Kniertaiiiing Knowledge, vol. i. p. U) 

 that ' this class of quadrupeds, or mammiferoug 

 quadrupeds admits of a division into two Tribes. 

 ' I Those whose extremities are divided into 

 fin-ers or toes, scientifically called una^uiculata, 

 from the Latin word for nail ; and II., Those 

 whose extremities are hoofed, scienlifically called 

 ungidata, from the Latin word for hoof. 



. The extremities of the first are armed with 

 claws or nails, which 

 climb, or to burrow 



penetrating into the substance of the tooth. 



The whole is thus represenled by natural histo- 

 rians, and the reader will .ompreheud our mean- 

 ing when we are speaking of oilier animals. 

 (i 1 — 1 



Horse —Incisors -, Canines , TolaUO 



6 1_1 [teeth. 



THE WHITE Ml'LUEKRY. 



This tree i* said to l.c worthy of attention on 

 account of its beamy as a shade tree. A hilc wri- 

 ter -peaking of this tree, says, ' it would ad.l great- 

 ly to the beauty of our farms and villages, to have 

 tliciM interspersed with rows and gmves of the 

 while imdl.erry.' This alone is a siillicient reaKon 

 r„r cultivaling'it— but when its use in rearing the 

 Kilk worm, and the profit that may be realized 

 from 1 his business are considered, it seems to u9 

 nil ohject of great consequence to the agriculurists 

 and people of this i.tute. 



The seeds may be obtained in Poston, Mans- 

 field, Connectieu', and various other places. In 

 four years from the time of sowing, the tree, it is 

 sai.l, will be large tin ugh to begin to feed the silk 



Some idea of the importance of the silk busl- 

 nc-s may be formed from the fact which appear , 

 from the records of the Treasury, that the impor- 



nrsi u,^ a. ...... Itations of silk diiriuS ibc year which ende.l on the 



enable them to grasp, to L^,,, „cs,.|„e,„her,l 828, amounted to $8,4b3,o03 

 climb, or to burrow. The extremities of the se- _„,• „,,i,,, ^l,07-»,.161 were exported ; and that 

 cond tribe are employed merely to 6U|.port and K, ihe same year the exportation -'f.'';"" ,;^.';'"'' 

 move the body.' , from this country amounted only to *o,-l l-':^'*'-^- 

 The extremities of the horse are covered with a ,.,,^.„,„ ^ balance against us, by a compaiis" oi 

 hoof, by which the bo.ly is supported, and with L,,„„ ^,^^ „r,i,les, of about two millions ol dollars, 

 which he cannot grasp any thing, and theref<J»4, l^Crfcn/ieW Gor. 



he belongs to the tribe uni:;ulata, or hoofed 



Hut there is a great variety of hoofed ammnls 



The elephant, the rhinoceros, the liippopnta 



mus, tUe swine, the horse, the sheep, the deer, 



lany others, arc ungidated or hoofed ; they 



From the Chaile<ton Guzettc. 



RICE FLOUR. 



Some notice of the preparation of this uri.ch 



mus, tue «^^'""-' '"•=""■=■', 7.--7'... ,,,„,; Some notice ot the prepara.iu,. -. ....^ -••■■-, 



any many others, arc nngulated or hoofed, ^^'^>\ ,,,„„^„i^ purposes, was made in the dailv 



admit, however, of an easy diMsion. Some ol | .^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ _^ ^^^^^^ ^.___.^ Through the pohu 



them masticate or chew their food, and it is "<'- , ,-,,^„,ii,. „,teiiiiun of Colonel Vanderhorst, wc 



•' ■""! ;^i:;: 1 :;;:, ;,:ndlv attemion of Colonel Vanderhorst, w 



mediately received into the stomach and digested , i,^.^„ Vavore.l, not only wiih a specimen ol 



hut in others, the fond, previous to digestion, un- | j,„,„.ri„r article prepared under his own di- 



dergoes r. very singular process. It is '■';""''""' ] ^^^^i„ ',,„, ^itli the pn-per manner of making, 

 to the mouth to be remasticated or chewed again. ^ ^^^ ^^^^ j.^^^_^^. ,,,yj „,„ j.„„ do a bet- 



These are called numnnnfia, or rumi.mnt.s from 

 the food being retnrncl from one of the stomachs 



for they liave four) called the rumen or paunch, to 

 be chewed again. 



The uv/rtdata that <lo not ruminate are some- 

 what improperly called parhi/dermnla, from the 



thickness of their skins. The horse -'■'■- 



use of it We do not kno'w that we can do a bol 

 ter service to our southern trade, ihan by givin* 

 these various modes of its preparation, in order U, 

 overcome a difficulty in ibe use ol it, arising t,y. 

 tirely from u general igiioraiiee ol the ar- 

 ticle in i-.s present form. Our readers will ob- 

 serve that we .!» not arrogate to ourselves llie ir«^ 



thickness of their skins. The horse does not ' j ,.„,^.,^^^ valuable prescriptions. We nevei. 

 ruminate, and therefore belongs to the orrfer f'^'-.V-I ^.jj^i ^.^.^, .^^ ^„ „„Hivcs; .hough we have soiii. 

 tlermata. , , |„,ic credit for abilitv in encountering it iii a dif 



The pachvderniatn who have only one toe i,e- ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ j^^^,.^^ ,_, ^^,,„,„ „,, „r^. ,,„.c. 

 long to ihcfamilysolipcda— single -footed. 1 iiere- ^^^^^^ ,„.,^.J„.., „„ ,„ore occasions than one, liav. 



long lo ..i.;y.....^j»-.., - o - i„ilv indebted on more occasions than one, hav 



fore the horse ranks under the division vertel.rata, I ..^^^^^^^ i.iformed us where we have been u 

 the class mammalia ;-the ir.he nngulata;-ll.e I ^ .... 



order pachydermata ; an.l the <■"'";'>• -'M'^'^"' ,,^ i;,,,,,..., to 

 The scdipeda consists of several spenes, as tiie i^^^ .^ ^ . 

 horse, the ass, the mule, ami the quaggn 



First stands the Eiici's CAiiAi.i,ts, or t ommon 

 H o a s F. . 



oasF.. ... I- „,, divide it into ll 



.Animals arc likewise distinguished "<•<•""''"-" .,^„., „,„, ,,,„ v 



siv inioriiieii 115 "liv^ — 



For the making of mc bread, then, we rn 



Hoil'l pint of rice soft-add a pint of lenven 

 then three quarts of the flour— put it to rise in i 

 ,in or earthen vcs.sel mild it has nsi'n siiflicieiitl; 



|,„ris — then bake it as 



the number, dcscripti<m,and situation of their tent. 

 The horse has C iuci.iors or cH.'-iff teeth, in the 

 front of each jaw ; and one canine tooth or tu.^k 

 On each side, above and below, ami at -■ 



Isor! 



bread, and vo.i will have three large lonve 



'I\, make' Journey or Jonny Cake.'--lo thre 



.,K ulHuf soft boiled rice.mld a small ten ru,... 



«„,..r or ii.dk ; then ad.l six siH.onluls ol 0» 



•nine waier >'i i""" • <■ i . „■ 



,., I flour, which will make a large Journey take 01 



distance from the incisors, be 1 the ralimes '"> ^ " ;^fl,^^ 



with some intervening space, are six moJir tcelh.l 



