I^^^^^SEiE^lE^^^^^ 



VOL. VIII 



BOSTON, FRIDAY, iVIAY 28, 1830. 



ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS 



No. 45. 



FOR THK KKW EVflLASD FABMBR. 



LARGE TREES. 



At the roa<l sidu, near tlie centie of ihe villaso, 

 in Walliiiglbnl, Rutliuiil Coiiiitv, Vr. stands an 

 Apple tree, whose cncuinreriMKo is ei<rhtfeet four 

 inches at the hei','lit of one foot iVoin the grounil. 



A BUTTERiVnT TREE, 



Known generally in tlie United States, as the 

 ivkits walnut, is standing ahont fifty yards from 

 the apple tree, noticeil in the above paragraph, 

 wliicli nieasnres nine feet two inches, at tljo 

 height of eighteen inches from the ground, wh(ch 

 is imnipiliaiely above the bulge made by the junc- 

 tion of the roots with the trunk ; the branches of 

 this tree extend over a Intel of laud five rods in di- 

 :\nieter. 



Are there larger trees of the same species in 

 the United States ? 



Truly yours, JOHN IVES 



IValluigford, Ft. May 19, 1830. 



FOPv THE NEV 



GLASD FARMER. 



A SKETCH OF VEGETABLE ANATOiMY 

 VEGETABLE ECONOMY, &c. 



[Continued from paga 345.] 

 FRUCTIFICATIO.V OF PLANTS. 



Under the torm frucliftcaiion are comjireliended, 

 not only all the parts of the fruit, but also those of 

 the flower, which are necessary for perfecting tJie 

 former. A plant may bo <leficient in some orgap?, 

 but cannot be totally destitute of those by wMiich 

 its species are continued from age to age ; for 

 propagation by cutting.-i, buds, or roots, is o'rdy the 

 extension of an individual, the life and vigor of 

 whicii may, in process cf time, gradually wrar out 

 and the species become extinct, unless it be re- 

 produced from seed. 



The i>arts of a flower, the necessary organs to 

 bring about the great purpose of nature, are 



I. Cal)x. The flower cup or external cov- 

 ermg, enclosing the whole. Its use js to .le- 

 fend and support the flower. There are several 

 kinds, but the following are the principal. 



1. Pcrianthium, perianth, a true calyx is 



contiguous to, and makes prat of the flower, as 

 the five beautiful green leaves which surround and 

 support a rose, including their urn shaped base. 

 The form is different in different species; tubu- 

 lar in pinks; imbricated and spinous, as in the 

 thistle, &c. 2. Involucrum, involucre ; this is 

 remote from the flower, as in the umbelliferous I 

 tribe ; but it may be a question whetlier, in this 

 case. It be a calyx, but rather a bractea. 3 

 Amentum, amenf, a catkin, formed of numerouj 

 scales attached to one cylindrial receptacle as in 

 the oak, walnut, chcsmit, &c. In catkins whicli 

 bear seed, the scales arc often enlarged and har- 

 dened into a cone, as in the fir. 



4. Spatha, spathe, a sheath, bursts longitudi- 

 nally, and IS more or less remote from the flower 

 as in the narcissus, iris, &c. 5. G/umo, -hnne' 

 a husk ; the chafy calyx of grasses and their al- 

 lies. To It belongs the awn, the beard, which 

 however, is not constant in the same gpocies 



ied leuv^ "t^ '::;■ ?fl::;:'"'r"""' "■'"; '"'- "^ " '^^""""^^ '''^'' "-"^ » -mbranous bag, 

 within tlecaKwi:.n.hu^ ^^ ^-a,..l | so^eonst.tu.ed as to burst when it meets wi^r; 



rolla,whichcJnsis.sofoneeu. :;:::; m)t';!^^^;^^^^ 



foxglove, is terme.1 monopelnlous,'Ll is various I fe itinJ nnu r Is i n I r T '"" "'" 



Us to form, as campanulas, bell .baped ; /unn.r am J^l " , ,V T,; "^""" "I'''^"""'-'^' 



.Aa;,c,/, tubular at the bottom, graduuly k^^ |U ,i c^ t to be n I , 77" "•' T^^'"'' "^ 



rb:;;;r-A'-:;;ri;:'::t:3'E5F~ 



pen and of a thick texture, but sometimes it is | said to be o^!-l hen , e • u " 



beautifully colored; and there is some doubt ^WpW^^ 3^^^ "ir""^ is wantmg, 



whether the splendid leaves of t.dips and hlics I JutTe ,' '"'\"""', ,'^« '^«°'l--< '^P'-esent with- 

 be not a true,calyx. The corolla anlwerr^on e ' .^•"'J'''''"'^-"'- ^^i'^" '»"!" -ml female flow- 



I valuable purpose, and when the move „/„,.', I '''\"'' '""".^ ''i' o«e individual plant, as the melon, 



parts wither that withers also '^^••'•ininl j such are named mo■na:cio^t3 ; bat if they grow from 



The term corolla comprche-,/,, „nt „,, ,, j 'r",'^''''"''"''*' I''«"«'«' "^ in hemp, they are r {fficiW*. 



I petal or petals, but -d-o 'L , °"'>'. ''"^ M"'^'^-'' l'0''nta! consists of three- pans ; the germcn, or 



^vhich is variously shn.r.rT -^H^T,^^' t""^';!''''""") j ""'""^n's of future fruit or seed, and of course es- 



being frequent; V ■Sn'''rS ""'"' '• ''' ''^'^ ^^"'^'' '^ '"■'^" ^^■^"•'"^" ' ^^'-'^ 



Sometimes the^,e^, i.^.f s^cr^^^rho^t "nd E" ''S^ ^i .^'^ TT- ""*' -^'^^-''^^ '^-^ 

 contains it in a groove or small cavity near its bi.o ■ -, T1 'r i " f"i'"=a, which ,s various in form, 

 sometinies a set of glands perlbrm^ thl^^ffi '^J h J^' :^:;eK^r'd"?' "^^ ^"" ''■ '"'"^^"''>^ 

 Ml cruciform plants, whose glands are place,! near ,,„, , a' is fun,l! "f ^""T '" "■'""' ""'^'"•'■- 

 hebase of the stamens ; «"d in some cases there ^11^1^0 o ~^^^^^ '" °"" ^I'l"-"!'™'^ 



■sa peculiar petal like organ for secre.imr ru.l fj"i " ? . v ''° t.'^^' ^,^l'st"n« to explode. The 

 holding the necareous juice, as in the .oluu,b e farr d o ''°'' '""»^ '" -l''"' ''^ '^^ '^"«""'> '^ 

 &c. TJ.e plants whose nectary is distinct from L" ^'\ gemen, and by these n:eans the 



the petals are commonly poi.sono'^^is a i Ci, id' th • 1^?' •■■"' '^^"'■" '"'"^ will account for 

 ear,„.o,n7„„i. The use of the honey, prob'aby £.: IVT"" " ""'."'"'•'rg^' "^ '"ff""- 



aided by the fragrance of the flower, i^ to altra/t ,nsta ce tL f "''''"' :^'';^l^- I"dian corn, for 

 .nsec.s, which serve to scatter the fenilizin. 6^11 \TZ::.Jll 1^'"'' ^T''?^''^ ''i' '''<= ^'•™-"« 



insects, which serve to scatter the fe.ilizinrdust"^'''"^ ^hefanna furnished by the stamens 

 fanna, on the part for which it was des ' ed ' ' '1 ,T h°" ''". '°^ °'' "^'' ^'■''"^' '^ ''^'=1"«"l'y 

 3. StanUna, stamens, .ituate.I within he co- t" e If J I S"""" '" '" "'"""''''' '""'' ''"- 

 rolla, various in number in .lirterent flowers, from wit . thi no uT '"T'' '"'" u""""^ "' '=°"'«'^^ 

 one to several hundred. A stamen usually con IV ''"■■ '"''"'" <^«J'«'l the silk of tho 



sists of the filament, fUamenlurn, a.^ e mier; P rrn:r;r.Te-\'^ '""'''"'■ ■ 

 arthera, the former, rarely wanting, elevates th, er t n^i "n ,i '^ f """ T'T' "S''™"^ "° '""S" 

 latter, which is the essential part, bein-Mudisnen He , '^ ^'^' '""' '"'"'•'''^ '° "• If 



sably necessary. The anther' is generalliim,"" ! '""T "" ".'^"^'^ "'« "'y^" '•'"'< corolla, as in 

 having two cells, which Inirst lon^tu iLlkl' '?' '' " '"'"''' '"'P"-'"- ' "" '''^'o^v 



the outride, at a proper time. Th^ itua^^^^^^^^ Tf IT "^ '" "" "■'1'''^' '" ^ 'V--r. Pointals as 

 the anthers upon their filameiUs is ™ll7ner ? '''^ ^"'"'="f "''^ occasionally obliterated, or 

 pendicniar or incumbent. Some afe s" ^ nded I T'^'p '" '''""■'' "^ '" ^''^"'^'^ «— ' 

 from their filaments by a thread, capable of bein Ji r Vf''?[^"""' l><-'ncarp, or seed vessel, which 



.urne.1 round several Leswiti;outLni;; ft :f:,Stinn:'T'"\"''"^^^ '' '^ "- - 



tn Ae lily. The cells of the anther contain he it . •' '''""" ^"''^ ''■^^"'^ ''•"^^ f-"""'''- 



fertiiizing dust, farina, which undel^^r micro! ■;',:'■!';•" '''%''"""'';"' •^-•''^ ^^'^ "^ fl°-r, as 

 scope is found to hav« a peculiar structure in dif , 7 ' '"^ '''''"''' ''""'''" closed while 



ferent plants. This dust i discharged cldeflVu \'^^ ^i''", "''!" "''- "^O'- , There are several 

 dry sunny weather, when the coats of the anUier 1,. I " '^"P"'^"' capsule, a dry, woody or 



by bursting scatter it about, assisted by mm 3^^^^ -"!' °'- «'• -re cells, 



insects which frequent the flower in seaTJh of no " ^- '"'"'^ ('"cc^" into which it splits) or 

 honey. Each grain of fi.rina remaiL en re as lonT', "' "?• "^' '"PP^"- 2- Siligua, a pod, a 

 mams entire «« I long, dry, solitary seed vessel of two valves, divided 



