Vol.VlII._N„ 45. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



he dressed Hem]) fioiii tlie said acre is of equally 

 [ood quality with the sainides cxhihitcd for jire- 

 niuiii. 



The above Pretiiiuins will ho declared as soon 

 ftcr the first day of Decembur next as may 

 ^oiiveiiieiilly he done. 



Uy order of ihc Trustees. 



VVILLL\M D. WHKELER, 



Recortling Secretary 



357 



HORSES. 



Tho following; remarks on the treatment of 

 orses, (says the N. Gazette,) hy Mr Carver, are 

 rorthy the attention of those who properly ap- 

 reciate these noble ami servicoahlu animals. 



From the .Y. Y. Enijuircr. 

 A gre.Tt number of fine horses are destroyed 

 1 this country by those who liave lliem jilaced 

 nder their care. It is a custom to wash the 

 or.-es with cold water, sometimes after hard 

 ■ivinj, ill the hottest tinje of the year, by which 

 ractice I have known many of them take the 

 ickjavv and die ; others liave been foundered by 

 nly washinff their legs and feet"; it stojjs ali per- 

 )iraiion and produces violent fevers. No -ren- 

 eman in England will permit his horse to be 

 ashed ; the liorso is not a water animal ; he 

 auts the particular fosteriiig liand of care, when 

 aced in a domestic state. 



Another bad practice prevails: the frain is 

 rown into the manger vvithom sifting, and sand 

 • gravel being heavier than the grain, it \yill set- 

 : dov/n on tho stomach of the hor.se. A few 

 ars past I broiiglit a stone from a liorse which 

 as believed to have been formed by thus Cced- 

 g; it was as large as a gocse's egg, and cased 

 und hke a cocoa nut shell. 



All stables should be woil ventilated, so as to 

 r.iit a constant circulation of fresh air, without 

 Inch horses are continually breathing on their 

 ngs foul, putrid ni:.:ter. No stall should be 

 ?s than five feet wide, as i':^ horse, like man, 

 ints to stretch himself w'.cn 1 , ing down to rest ; 

 my horses have died in the nigiit, by being confin- 

 in narrow stalls, and being tied with a rope round 

 3 necks. All horses shou.,! have head stall baiters, 

 th a rein on each side, that should run up and 

 wn with blocks, in pulleys, on each si<le of the 

 ill. Tho mangers should draw in and out like 

 :lrawer in a bm-eau, or desk ; by being thus 

 ed as I have described, the horse will rise with 

 se, but on the old plan, the horse, by struggling 

 rise, often gets his head under the manger and 

 often found dead in the morning. The hayracks 

 3uld be placed in front of the stalls, and not on 

 ! side. 



Few men have had the oiiportunity to observe 

 ! evils tha: have occurred by the "bad manage- 

 int of horses, and very few have doctored so 

 ny as myself, having some knowledge of the 

 uctnre and economy of the horse, after 50 years' 

 ensivo practice. W. CARVER. 



>J. B. I could have said a great <IeaI more on 

 < subject, but the work that I wrote, entitled ' 

 he Practical Horse Farrier,' will shortly be' 

 dished, being the fourth edition, in which the 

 ject will be treated on more largely. 



From the Mlddletown Sentinel. 



AGRICULTURE. 



iVhile so large a j)nrt of community are follow- 

 e.\travagance in dress, splendid equipage, 



public |ilaces of excitement, gambling, swindling, 

 buying tickets, trying to get rid of paying thcTr 

 debts, and wishing to live by their wits, or on the 

 labor of others, without rewarding them, and pre- 

 tending to b« something in the world; and so 

 many people being inclined to read very suiierfi- 

 cially, I am sensible that it is l)cst to be very short 

 on this subject, or it will be passed over by a great 

 l)art of the farmers, without reading at all. 



When so iriany arc either cn.ting rlown their 

 orchanls, or neglecting them as worthless, .because 

 they say the cider will not more tiian pay for mak- 

 ing. 1 would advise them to preserve and take 

 care of their trees, and if they have not pruned 

 them yet, this year, it is better to do it now than 

 to let the young shoots grow up into a swamp, so 

 that u person cannot climb into a tree to pick the 

 fruit; for the beet nse we can make of apples is 

 to eat them, or u.se them for culinary purposes as 

 far as can be done to advantage ; and in order 

 that they may keep well, they should be picked 

 by hand ; and a tree which bears winter fruit, 

 should be so trimmed, that a man may go round 

 the inside and ])ick the fruit, though it may be 

 gathered from the outside limbs by the nse of 

 a bidder. 



We may have a()ples three fourths of the year, 

 by taking care to have .some early fruit, and plen- 

 ty of that which will keep until May and June ; 

 and it is better for a man to take an apple at ll' 

 o'clock, than a drink of grog; for there is some 

 nourishment in an apple, and it quenches thirst 

 much better than spirituous liqmr, ivhich has no 

 quality of nourishment, and only serves to make a 

 person hungry and dry, with loss of money, health 

 and reputation. 



You should not distil your cider into brandy at 

 all; but make it good, and it will sell in New 

 York, Boston, or some other market, or make vin- 

 egar ; or if you have jilenty of apples, you may let 

 your cattle and hogs eat part of them ; they are 

 not apt to get choked where they can have free 

 access, or where a creature is fed by itself 



If a beast should get choked, put jiork rind 

 round the end of a stick, and the obstruction will 

 push down easily, and you may use the same 

 where an ox is lioven ; though it is about as well 

 to plunge a knife into the paunch, on the left side 

 between the hip bone and the hind rib. 



Farmers should save all their pomace and feed 

 it to their stock ; it is even good for cows which 

 give milk, by feeding them with it sparingly a few 

 times at first. I tried it 45 years ago, by keejjing 

 one cow with pomace principally for three months, 

 and two others on good pasture, loweii or hay ; | 

 and the pomace cow did as well as either. I 

 Iiublished this experiment several times in the 

 papers, yet great heaps of stinking jioinace are 

 seen in many parts of Connecticut every year. 

 If cows eat their fill of apples or pomace, it will at 

 first make them stagger, and they will give much 

 less tnilk ; or if a cow gets to a heap of thrashed 

 grain, it is still worse ; but we do not throw the 

 grain into heap.», and let it rot on that account. 



Farmers have small profits these hard times, 

 but not smaller on orcharding than on other 

 things. It is not uncommon for n farmer's crop 

 to fall short of paying for the labor of raising it, 



and sometimes a crop is destroyed entirely yet 



if a farmer is industrious and prudent, he may 

 generally add a little to his |)ropeity : It is better 

 than to slide down hill on lottery tickets. 



A FARMER. I 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



BOSTON, F R I D A Y, M A Y 28, 1 8 .3 0. 



SWINE. 



A friend of the Editor states a case of a sow- 

 devouring her oflspiing, and inquires what should 

 be done iii such an occurrence. The fifth vol- 

 nnio ofthe NewEnglan.l Farmer, page 214 con 

 tiin.s an extract of a letter from a cultiva'lor in 

 Oilsum, N. II. to the editor, stating an inci.lent 

 of that kind. The sow, which was of the Bedford 

 breed, and procured of Dr Fiskk, of Worcester 

 and one of the finest, which the writer had ever 

 seen, for shape and propensity to fatten, not only 

 refused to own her young, but ' attacked them 

 with the ferocity of a tigress.' Dr Fiske's opinion 

 was requested relative to the cause and cure of 

 of this strange propensity. In ie]dy the doctor 

 observed : 



'It is not' uncommon for sows to destroy their 

 first ofTsprin-. It is more rare at a later period. 

 In most cases where I have inquired into the fact, 

 whether in old or young breeders, I hive ascer- 

 tained that they had been disturbed in some of 

 their essential habits, cither from being removed 

 from their companions, their range restricted, or 

 from being removed from one pen to anniher.All 

 these changes, however, may be efTected with 

 sifefy, by allowing them sufiicient time to become 

 accustomed to them, four or five weeks at least. I 

 have known sows do well with a second litter af- 

 ter having destroyed a first, under one ofthe uho\e 

 mentioned excitements. Hence it would be un- 

 wise to condemn to death one which bids fair oth- 

 erwise to be a valuable breeder, even for this 

 most unnatural crime, could it be traced to a pal- 

 liative c anse. 



The peculiar ferocity of these animals mani- 

 fested on these occasions, may be increased if not 

 wholly caused by liysleric irrilahiUty. Should 

 this be tho fact, it does not follow that a second 

 yeaning would cause a similar excitement. This 

 opinion is inferred from analogy, rather 'than 

 known from any demonstration ; as a repetition is 

 not to be presumed, where a first experiment has 

 proved so discouraging. I should not hesitate to 

 risk the trial under a like commencen.cnt, if the 

 animal in all other respects was of the fir.st char- 

 acter and not easily replaced, if 1 succeeded 

 I should gain also in quality, as the young of all 

 animals inqirove by succession. 



'It is of great importance that sv\inc of all dc- 

 scrijitions, iiarticularly those intended for breedin'', 

 should be rendered perfectly tame and gentle, that 

 their enclosures may be entered at all times without 

 giving alarm or exciting their resentment. This is 

 easily done by gentle treatment and early accus- 

 toming them to the brush or curry comb. No 

 animal enjoys it more, or derives from it greater 

 benefit. While it inciea.ses their comfort, it adds 

 to their health and growth, and serves in a great 

 measure to correct their tempers and disposi- 

 tions. 



'While on this subject, I take' occasion to state 

 a fact of which farmers seem not sufficiently 

 aware, which forcibly illustrates the importance of 

 keeping their swine warmly housed in all inclem- 

 ent seasons. Late in autumn I put two slioats 

 which I had selected for breeders, into a warmin- 

 closure in my barn ; their size and other quali- 

 ties were of an average with the rest which re- 



