370 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



June 11,1830. 



and eluslic to decompomnl or riilhir seiiarute the 

 oily from lliu wiitery |>iirtii:les, — It is well known 

 tbat oils ol'iill kinils when cxposeiJ to a cultl at- 

 niosjilicre, will contract uml appear as inert mat- 

 ter ; in this state apply " warm, dry an<l elastic va- 

 l)or, anJ it instantly expands itself and becomes 

 thin, vivid and active. From this circumstanco it 

 appears to enc evident, that the sooner you infuse 

 air of the quality alreaily mentioned, say warm, 

 dry, and elastic into cream, the sooner you bring 

 it to a slate for separation ; and as analogous par- 

 ticles of all mailer naturally fly to e.uli other, the 

 sooner your butter is iiiadc. It is a comumoii obser- 

 vation founded on experience that l)iilt»r is longer 

 making in winter than summer, and the general 

 reason assigned is the coldiie.ssof the atmosphere, 

 but this in my opinion is not the sole cause ; it is 

 I think, more in tlie ipiality than temperature of 

 the air, for boat, or cold, without dryness and elas- 

 ticity, would notliave the <le.sircd efl'ect, although to 

 expedite the coming butter in winter, boiling water 

 is fretpiently poured into the churn, which some- 

 times produces butter sooner, but if warm, dry and 

 elastic air (such as may be produceil from a hot 

 oven) could be introduced by means of a pipe in- 

 to the churn, I am jiersuaded, it would not only 

 have the desired efl'ect, but be infinitely more ex- 

 peditious in its operation and more certain of suc- 

 cess, than by |)Ouriiig hot water into the churn. 

 Having stated what 1 think is the nature and qual- 

 ity of air necessary to produce a se|)aration of par- 

 ticles in cream, many ways may be found by exper- 

 iment of introducing it into the fluid ; the most ex- 

 ))editious way of accomplishing this must, it is ob- 

 vious, be higldy beneficial to all Butter Makers. 



1. E. 

 Note. — Another important observation is, that 

 lireaking the cream to evaporate the air it contains, 

 should not be too suddenly effected, for it is well 

 known by experienced dairy women, that the lon- 

 ger the Hutter is in making the better its (piality 

 becomes ; therefore moderately evaporating the 

 air in the fluid by slowly breaking the cream, your 

 butter comes harder and sweeter than by a more 

 rapid way of churning. 



Rfmarks by the Editor. — Kutter is made by the 

 combination of the oxygen, (alias vital air) of the 

 atmosphere with the oil of the milk. This oxygen 

 composes about one fifth part of the atmosphere, 

 till! remaining four fifths being mostly n/ote or 

 nitrogen. The combination of the vital air of the 

 atmosphere with the oil of the milk, which is indis- 

 pensable to making butter, cannot well be effected 

 unless the temperature of the cream or the milk 

 from which the butter is produced is considerably 

 above the freezing point, or about as high as -15 deg. 

 by the thermometer. Thou, by agitating the nulk 

 or cream, in a vessel to which the air has n free 

 admission, the oxygen Is brought in contact with 

 the oily particles of the nulk or cream, n chemical 

 union takes place, and the ))roduct of the com- 

 bination is butter. 



tier, anil a claim in writing be adclrc".siil. pott ;>;iid, to 

 Re.vj. Guild, Esq. (in Boston; .\asialant Kccording Sec- 

 retary, on or before said day. 



Farmers in other Stales are invited to compete for these 

 two prefiiiuins. Competitors are ofTered llie fuiil. r in- 

 ducement of a ready market, .and high prices for good 

 butler. An auctioneer will be employed by the Trustees 

 to sell at public auction all llie bullcr presented, without 

 charge to the owners, unless the owners should prefer to 

 dispose of it at private sale. 

 Tho following Premiums will be awarded at the Cattle 



Show in October. 

 For the best butter, not less than 60 lbs., $15,00 

 For the next best, do. do. 10,00 



For the next best, do. do. , 7,00 



For the next best, do. do. 5,00 



For the greatest quantity of butter and cheese, 

 made between the lolh of May and the 1st of Oc- 

 tober, from not less than four Cows, the quantity 

 of butter and cheese, and the number of Cows, 

 to be taken into consideration, and specimens to be 

 exhibited at the Show, of not less than 20 pounds 

 of each, and the mode of feeding, if anytliing be- 

 sides pasture was used, $20,00. 



The following Extract has been handed to us by a friend. 

 There was killed at Warwick, Iloxburyshire, on 

 the 8th instant, a five years old hcifi.T of the true 

 Tccswater breed, bred by the Duke of N'orthum- 

 berland, and fed by Mr Turnbull, of Spif.al ; girth 

 of the animal 95 inches, length from the shoulder- 

 head to the fall of the tail 63 inches, height 81 

 inches, across the loins 43 inches, weight of the 

 four quarters 68 stone 9 lbs. (952, lbs.) Tallow 10 

 stone 3 Ib.s. (1-13 lbs.) 



Four quarters 952 



Taflow 1 13 



Hide not given 



1095 

 Carlisle Journal. 



hay annually, and from 1500 to 3000 bushels Kuta 

 liagu, informed the writer of this, that he could 

 raise the roots cheaper to feed his stock, in part, 

 than hay, although mowing lands in a state of na- 

 ture can be obtained for a mere trifle. 



BLACK ANTS. , 

 Mk Ff.sse.ide.n — I cannot help thinking you 

 njust know almost ever} thing, for you are asked 

 all sorts of ipiestions. Now, will you tell inc how 

 to gel rid of black a>its '! They have for several 

 years made regular advances upon ine, and now 

 my castle is surrounded by tliem. They have 

 their forts, with scarps and counter scarps, and one 

 or the other of us must soon surrender. Do help 

 me, and for so great n favor, 1 will procure Mr 

 llijssELi. half a dozen new subscribers, every one 

 of which shall pay a year iu advance. T. S. 

 PigwacketjMe. June 1. 



Remarks by the Editor. — Although ants arc con- 

 sidered as injurious to husbandly by making their 

 hills, and inq>airing the grass upon pasture land, 

 yet, says Willich's Kncyclopedia, ' they are un- 

 justly reproached with damaging fruit trees. In 

 Switzerland they are made subservient to the de- 

 struction of cntcrjiillars by hanging a pouch filled 

 with ants ui)on a tree, whence they ore permitted 

 to make their escape, through an aperture and 

 overrun all its branches, without lieing permitted 

 to reach the ground, as the trunk has been previ- 

 ously smeared with wet clay, or soft pitch, in con- 

 sequence of which, impelled by hunger, they fall 

 upon the caterpillars, and devour them.' There '» 

 no doubt, however, but ants are often injurious to 

 fruit, such as sweet apples, peaches, &.c. 



Several mcthoils of destroying ants have been 



proposed. The most simple of these, is, to pour 



boiling water into the apertures of their hillocks. 



Another method is opening their nest, putting ii»i 



quicklime and pouring water upon it. To dcsiroyi 



ants on fruit trees it has been recommended to 



EXCELLENT SOFT SOAP. i Make a strong decoction of tobacco, and the teo- 



This is about the time the good women in the jg^ shoots of elder, by pouring on them boiling- 



country make their soap, and for the want of some L.a,gr; ,l,e,i sprinkle vour trees with the same 



good rule many, undoubtedly, will be much per- Ugold) twice a week, fo"r two or three weeks, witbi 



plexed and much fatigued, and they are not to be ] ^ g„,aii |,parth brush, or garden syringe, or water 



FOR THK HEWENGLAND FARMER. 



blamed if a little scolding should take place. To 

 avoid this and to obtain soap of a good quality, in 

 a short time, with little trouble, observe the follow- 



ing engine, which will effectually destroy the in 

 sects. 



' The quantity to be made use of is one ounce 



of tobacco to one gallon of water, with about twn 



16 quarts of lye of sufficient strength to hoar an handfuls of elder. You may, however, mak 



egg, 8 lb. of clarified or clean grease, U lbs, of rosin j ^g s,ro„g „s you j.lease, it being perfectly inuoc. 

 -])ut the whole into a five pail kettle and boil it. („ j|,g p|,i„tjj" 



PREMIUMS FOR BllTER. 



(J7* We publish the following, at this time, to 

 remind fiirmcrs of tli<! libenil ]iremium8 oflered 

 for superior butter, by ihi; Massaehusetis Society 

 for Promoling Agric(diurc : — 



For tho lic.«t lot of butler, in lul»i or lirkins, (not loss 



than three hunilrcd pounds) ^ 10n,00 



For the secDnd best .^,0,00 



Tho butter ofTereil for these two premiums must be ile- 



posited at the Agricultural WarebnuH-, No. 52 North 



Market-street, Botlon, on or before the 1st day of Docem- 



At first it is apt to ri.se, in which ca.sc, add a lilt 

 strong lye, and so conliiuie to do until the materials 

 are incorporated. Then remove it from the fire 

 and add by degrees weak lye, stirring it at every ad- 

 dition, until the kettle be full. 



Wo have seen in the last N. E. Farmer a receipt 

 for making cold soap ; but we think the above more 

 simple and ex|ieditiou8. MANY. 



May 17, 1830. 



Rula Tiajxa, raised on new land for feeding Cattle. 



A strong decoction of tobacco, of elder, espe- 

 cially of the dwarf kind, of walnut leaves, lye ot 

 wood-ashes, solutions of ])0t ashes, or pearl ashe% 

 would no doubt prove antidotes against ants as 

 well as against other insects. Uuicklime and soot, 

 placed in their [inths, is recommended by Forsyth 

 as a remedy against ants. 



ExniBiTio.s or thePen-nstlvamaHortici'ltiril 

 Society 

 The splendid Exhibition of the Pennsylvania 



.At Dead River, Somerset county, Maine, wIhtc I Horticultural Society was closed yesterday evo- 

 there were in the winter of 1S2S from 3 to t!00 'ning. It was successful in every point. Th» 

 yoke of oxen getting logs, thi' farmers rai.se Rula ; visiters were numerous and highly rfspeclablo j 

 Baga at the rate of more than 500 bushels to tho and entire unanimity prevailed with regard to the 

 acre, lor feeding stock, by culling, burning and i magnificence of the collection of plants and flow ■ 

 clearing the new land, atler which the seed is sown ers, the felicity of the arrangment, the lasle and 

 broadcast, and harrowed in. No more trouble is liberality of the contributors and nninagcrs, and 

 taken until harvesting. The whole expense of the general beauty and usefulness of such a s|>ic- 

 grow ing and harvesting a crop docs not I'xceed ten taclo. We heard the acknowledgment from genii 

 dollars. A Mr Folsom, w ho grows 100 tons of men of other cities, conipetftit to decide, who wi 



>itrd 



