THE GENESEE rAR:NrER. 



157 



and is dug, and rake it in. The superphosphate I 

 vould sow iu the drills. It will not hurt the seed 

 )r the roots of the plants." 



" Three hundred lbs. sulphate of ammonia at 7 

 lents is $21, and 400 lbs superpliosphate at 3 cents 

 i $12. Total, $33. I will order them at once." 



He has done so, and we have no doubt that un- 

 er the circumstances he could not make a better 

 ivestment. The manures act at once, are free 

 rom weeds, easily applied, and will make plants 

 row with a rapidity and vigor that will astonish 

 hose who liave never used them. We have used 

 hese manures, and many others, for several years, 

 ud would urge all who take delight in a good gar- 

 en to try (hem. 



CULTIVATION OF PEACHES IN NEW JEESEY. 



The Hon. William Parry, of New Jersey, an 

 xperienced and intelligent horticulturist, writes as 

 )llows to the Hammonton (N. J.) Farmer : 



As it requires some time to prepare new land for 

 rops which require a smooth and even surface, as 

 rass for mowing, &c., it is well to select such 

 rops to occupy the ground for a few years as de- 

 ght in new soil, and are not incommoded by the 

 :,umps and roots remaining. Most prominent 

 mong that class is the Peach, which is so particu- 

 irly adapted to new land that it seldom, if ever, 

 '■ill yield a crop where peach trees have grown 

 efore. The land around Hammonton is admirably 

 dapted to the cultivation of peaches; the light 

 ud mellow soil allows the heavy rains to filter 

 arough it, and leave the surface free to imbibe the 

 tmospheric influence, and does not bake in drying, 

 ) as to exclude the air, like heavy, loamy land, 

 here are peach trees in Atlantic county over 

 fteen years of age, in a flourishing condition, 

 earing annually fine crops of luscious fruit. 



There is scarcely an enterprise offering such rich 

 3wards for capital and labor as the extensive culti- 

 ation of peaches along the Camden & Atlantic 

 .ailroad. Orchards there would rival those so 

 ilebrated in Delaware, which will soon be among 

 le things that were, and Delaware must yield up 

 le business, as the land is passed over, to some 

 ther untrisd section, and circumstances naturally 

 uint to South Jersey, where the climate and soil 

 re equally as favorable, ^and conveyance to market 

 lore quici^ly obtained. Those who first engaged 

 lere in the business, like Ridgway and Reeves, in 

 Delaware, will make fortunes before others com- 

 lence. Not that the market will be overstocked 

 ith peaches, for that is impossible since the sys- 

 )ni of railroads has become so complete, carrying 

 lem in' a fresh state to the Northern and Eastern 

 ties, and the art of canning introduced, by which 

 ley may be preserved for'years, and shipped to 

 ;iy part of the world ; but the land suitable for 

 leir culture, which is now off'ered at low rates, 

 ery soon must and will be taken, and converted 

 > a use which yields so large and certain a return. 



The proper method of raising peach trees is tt) 

 ive seed or pits from trees which are perfectly 

 ealthy, and free from yellows, borers and all 



other defects that would tend to weaken the con- 

 stitution of the parent stock. These should be 

 deposited near the surface of the ground, in the 

 eighth month (August), and covered with about 

 ■two inches of sand, so as to allow tiieni Co freeze 

 and thaw during the winter. In the following 

 spring about two-thirds of them will ()))en their 

 shells, and the kernels may be pickf^d out and 

 planted iu mellow land, prepared tlie same as for 

 corn, potatoes or other vegetables, in rows four 

 feet apart, and six to eight inches in the rows. 

 They must then be cultivated and kept clean till 

 the latter part of summer. When they are in a 

 flourishing condition, the operation of biiddiug is 

 performed, bj selecting buds of such varieties as it 

 is desirable to propagate, from trees that are jper- 

 fectly healthy. 



The bud is cut out with a sharp knife, slipped 

 under the bark of the young stock, and tied closely 

 in with matting or soft yarn, which must be cut 

 away in about two weeks, to prevent injuring the 

 stock, which is growing rapidly. In the spring 

 following, the toi> of the stock must be cut off just 

 above the bud, after it has become well developed,, 

 which is to form a new tree of the kind from which 

 the bud was tal<on, without any reference to the 

 character of the tree upon which the kernel grew; 

 and the only quality requisite for it to possess is 

 perfect health. 



The young trees should remain and grow one 

 summer in the nursery, before they are moved to 

 the orchard, the ground -for which should be pre- 

 pared, after removing the timber and brushes, by 

 ploughing and harrowing the same, as for planting 

 corn, which should be the first crop grown among 

 the peach trees, and will fully repay the whole 

 cost of purchasing and planting the trees, if ob-. 

 taiued from a nursery, instead of being grown by 

 the person who is about forming an orchard. 



The ground .should be marked in squares, by 

 drawing furrows, twenty feet apart each way, with 

 a plow. Holes are then to be dug at every cross, 

 twice_ as deep and large around as would just re- 

 ceive the roots in their natural position. The roots 

 should be carefully examined, and all bruised parts 

 cut smooth with a knife, drawing it from the un- 

 der side out. The yellow subsoil thrown from the 

 bottom of the hole, is not to be returned again 

 around the roots, but mellow surface soil must be 

 filled in, and packed closely under and over the 

 roots, so as to prevent any cavities remaining after 

 the tree is planted. An orchard thus carefully set 

 out, must not be neglected, as though all that was 

 necessary to insure a good crop had been done until 

 the time should arrive for it to yield fruit ; but 

 it must be treated like a friend, frequently visited 

 its condition inspected, and health inquired after, 

 and a full response will come from the leaves and 

 bark and general appearance of the tress. The 

 ground should be kept mellow and clear of leaves 

 by frtquent stirring, the suckers and surplus 

 branches should be trimmed oft', and the ends of 

 the most vigorous limbs sliortened in, so as to give 

 a more compact head. If gum should be seen ooz- 

 ing from the stem, near the ground, take a knife 

 and remove the little intruder that is preparing to 

 make its winter lodging under the bark. If this 

 operation is performed twice during the summer, 

 for two or three years, the bark will become hard. 



