416 APPENDIX. 



ciliated to endure the violence of the removal, while trees growing in 

 the midst of a wood sheltered from the tempests by their fellows, and 

 scarcely ever receiving the sun and air freely except at their topmost 

 branches, are too feeble to withstand the change of situation, when re- 

 moved to an open lawn, even when they are carefully transplanted. 



" Of trees in open exposures," says Sir Henry, " we find that their 

 peculiar properties contribute, in a remarkable manner, to their health 

 and prosperity. In the first place, their shortness and greater girth of 

 stem, in contradistinction to others in the interior of woods, are ob- 

 viously intended to give to the former greater strength to resist the 

 winds, and a shorter lever to act upon the roots. Secondly, their 

 larger heads, with spreading branches, in consequence of the free ac- 

 cess of light, are as plainly formed for the nourishment as well as the 

 balancing of so large a trunk, and also for furnishing a cover to shield 

 it from the elements. Thirdly, their superior thickness and induration 

 of bark is, in like manner, bestowed for the protection of the sap-ves- 

 sels, that lie immediately under it, and which, without such defence 

 from cold, could not perform their functions. Fourthly, their greater 

 number and variety of roots are for the double purpose of nourish- 

 ment and strength ; nourishment to support a mass of such magnitude, 

 and strength to contend with the fury of the blast. Such are the ob- 

 vious purposes for which the unvarying characteristics of trees in open 

 exposures are conferred upon them. Nor are they conferred equally 

 and indiscriminately upon all trees so situated. They seem, by the 

 economy of nature, to be peculiar adaptations to the circumstances and 

 wants of each individual, uniformly bestowed in the ratio of exposure, 

 greater where that is more conspicuous, and uniformly decreasing, as it 

 becomes less."* 



Trees in which the protecting properties are well developed are fre- 

 quently to be met with on the skirts of woods ; but those standing singly 

 here and there, through the cultivated fields and meadows of our farm 

 lands, where the roots have extended themselves freely in the mellow 

 soil, are the finest subjects for removal into the lawn, park, or pleasure 

 ground. 



* The Planter's Guide, p. 105. 



