THE MASTIGOPHORA 167 



gubernaculum as in Bodo. Marine. j3. Phyllomonas, Klebs. A triangular, 

 contorted, foliaceous monad with the flagellar pole directed backwards 

 in locomotion ; the flagellum acts therefore as a pulsellum. Stagnant 

 water. C. Sessile, calyptoblastic genera, a. Codonoeca, Clark, constructs" 

 a pedunculate, ribbed, colourless theca in which it resides freely. 

 Freshwater and marine, fi. Platytheca, Stein, constructs a membranous 

 encrusting theca. 



The family TRYPANOMORPHIDAE, containing the single genus Try- 

 panomorpha, Woodcock, belongs to this sub-tribe. A full description of 

 this form is given in Section G, p. 193. 



Fro. 5. 



1, Chlamydomonas pulvisculus, Ehrb. ; one of the Phytoflagellata ; free-swimming indivi- 

 dual ; a, nucleus ; bb, contractile vacuoles ; c, pyrenoid ; d, cellulose investment ; e, stigma 

 (eye -spot). 2, resting -stage of the same with fourfold division of the cell -con tents; 

 letters as before. 3, a^yst that has been formed by the conjugation of gametes and is now 

 liberating a large number of minute biflagellate zooids. 4, Syncrypta volvox, Ehrb. ; one of the 

 Chrysomonadina. A colony enclosed by a mucilaginous test (c). a, stigma ;b, vacuole. 5,Uroglena 

 volvox, Ehrb.; one of the Chrysomonadina. Half of a large colony. 6, Chlorogonium euchlorum, 

 Ehrb. ; one of the Phytoflagellata ; a, nucleus ; b, contractile vacuoles ; c, pyrenoids'; (?) d, eye- 



spot. 7, the same species, showing conjugation of the gametes. 8, a colony ofltinobryonsertularia, 

 dina loricata, x 200. 9, Sphaerella palustris, Girod ( = Haemato- 



Ehrb. ; one of the Chrysomonadi 



coccus palustris) ; one of the Chlamydomonadina ; ordinary individual with widely separated 

 test, to which it is attached by delicate strands of protoplasm, not shown in the figure ; 



a, nucleus ; b, contractile vacuole ; c, pyrenoid. 10, dividing resting-stage of the same. 11, a 

 gamete of the same. 12, Phalansterium consodatum, Cienk. ; one of the Choanoflagellata, x 825. 

 Disk-like colony. 13, Euglena viridis, Ehrb. ; one of the Euglenina, x 300 ; a, pigment spot ; 



b, flagellar reservoir; c, paramylum granules; d, chromatophores. 14, Gonium pectorale, 

 O. F. M.; one of the Volvocina ; colony seen from the flat side, x 300 ; a, nucleus ; b, contractile 

 vacuole ; c, pyrenoid. 15, Dinobryon sertularia, Ehrb. ; one of the Chrysomonadina loricata ; 



a, nucleus; b, contractile vacuole; c, paramylum, (?) nucleus ; d, free colourless flagellates 

 probably not belonging to Dinobryon ; e , stigma ; /, chromatophores. 16, Paranema tricho~ 

 phorum, Ehrb. ; one of the Paranemina, x!40; a, nucleus ; b, contractile vacuoles ; c, pharyn- 

 geal apparatus; d, mouth. 17, anterior end of Euglena acus, Ehrb., in profile; a, mouth; 



b, contractile vacuoles ; c, pharynx ; d, eye-spot ; e, paramylum bodies ; /, chromatophores. 

 18, part of the surface of Volvox globator, L., showing intercellular connective fibrils; a, 

 nucleus; b, contractile vacuole; c, pyrenoid. 19, two antherozooids (= microgametes) of 

 Volvox globator. 20, ripe asexually produced daughter individual of Volvox minor, Stein, still 

 enclosed in the cyst of the parthenogonidium ; a, young parthenogonidia. 21 and 22, 

 Undulina ranarum, E. R. L. (see Fig. 1, p. 194). 23-26, reproduction of Bodo caudatus, Duj. ; 

 one of the Heterpmastigoda, according to Dallinger and Drysdale. 23, fusion of several indi- 

 viduals (plasmodium). 24, encysted fusion-product dividing into four. 25, later into eight. 

 26, cyst filled with swarm-spores. 27, Astasia tenax, O. F. M. ; one of the Astasiina, x 440 

 Individual with two flagella and strongly contracting hinder end of the body ; a, nucleus ; b, 

 flagellar reservoir. 28, the same devoid of flagella. 20, Oicomonas termo, Ehrb. ; one of the 

 Protomastigina, x 440 ; a, nucleus; b, contractile vacuole; c, food-ingesting vacuole; d, 

 food-particle. 30, the food-particle has Jiow been ingested by the vacuole. 31, Oicomonas 

 mutabilis, Kent, with adherent stalk ; a, nucleus ; 6, contractile vacuole ; c, food-particle in food- 

 vacuole. 32, 33, Cercobodo (Cercomonas) crassicauda, Duj., showing two conditions of the 

 pseudopodium - producing tail ; a, nucleus ; b, contractile vacuoles ; c, mouth. (After 

 Lankester and various authors.) 



SUB-TRIBE 2. PARAMASTIGODA. Solitary or colonial forms with one 

 long flagellum and one (rarely two) short accessory flagellum near its 

 base ; vacuolar digestion at the anterior end. A. Solitary genera. 

 Monas, Stein ; Sterromonas, Kent ; Physomonas, Kent. Freshwater. 

 B. Colonial genera. Cephalothamnium, Stein ; Anthophysa, Bory (Fig. 

 7 (12, 13)). Freshwater. 



SUB-TRIBE 3. HETEROMASTIGODA. Solitary, colonial, free or attached 

 forms with at least two flagella of different kinds, of which one is 

 directed forwards and another is directed backwards, acting as a 

 gubernaculum or steering flagellum in the free forms or as a stalk of 

 attachment in the fixed forms. A. Free solitary and naked genera (Bodo- 

 nina, Biitschli) ; Bodo (Fig. 7 (10)), Ehrenberg freshwater and marine ; 



