THE FORAMINIFERA 141 



circular or hexagonal siliceous plates ; pseudopodia without anastomoses ; 

 freshwater. Trinema, Duj. Similar, but mouth on flattened lateral 

 surface ; freshwater. Cyphoderia, Schlumb. Test flask-shaped, built of 

 small chitinous plates ; fresh and brackish water. Campascus, Leidy 

 Resembles Cyphoderia, but test encrusted ; freshwater. 



FAMILY 3. AMPHISTOMATIDAE. Test with an opening at either end. 



(a) Test smooth. Genera Diplophrys, Barker. Test roundish, very 

 delicate ; freshwater, and in manure. Ditrema, Archer. Similar, but test 

 thicker ; freshwater. Shepheardella, Siddall (Fig 16, 5). Test chitinous, 

 long, and tubular, contracted to an opening at either end ; marine. 



(6) Test encrusted. Genus Amphitrema, Archer (Fig. 16, 1 1). Barrel- 

 shaped, test produced to a short neck round either opening ; moor pools, 

 Ireland. 



ORDER 2. Astrorhizidea. 



Test invariably composite, usually of large size and monothalamous ; 

 often branched or radiate, sometimes segmented by constriction of the 

 walla, but seldom or never truly septate ; polythalamous forms never 

 symmetrical. 



FAMILY 1. ASTRORHIZIDAE. Walls thick, composed of loose sand or 

 mud, very slightly cemented. Genera Astrorhiza, Sandahl (Fig. 17, a). 

 Test fusiform, or depressed and more or less stellate, and attaining a 

 diameter of nearly one inch. Pelosina, Brady. Storthosphaera, F. E. Sch. 

 Dendrophrya, Str. Wright. Syringammina, Brady. Test consisting of 

 masses of branchings and anastomosing tubes. 



FAMILY 2. PILULINIDAE. Monothalamous, wall thick, composed 

 chiefly of felted sponge spicules. Genera PiluUna, Carpenter (Fig. 17, c). 

 Nearly spherical. Technitella, Norm. Oval. Bathysiphon, Sars. Tubular. 



FAMILY 3. SACCAMMINIDAE. Chambers nearly spherical, walls thin, 

 firmly cemented. Genera Saccammina, M. Sars (Fig. 17, &). Globular, 

 with distinct projecting aperture. Psammosphaera fusca, F. E. S., without 

 a projecting aperture. Is regarded by Rhumbler as the young form of 

 Saccamminina sphaerica. Sorosphaera, Brady. Many spherical adherent 

 chambers, each with its own aperture. 



FAMILY 4. RHABDAMMINIDAE. Test firmly cemented, of sand, 

 often with sponge spicules intermixed, tubular, straight, radiate or 

 branched, rarely segmented. Genera Jaculella, Brady. Elongate, 

 tapering. Hyperammina, Brady (Figs. 17, d, and 18). Elongated, 

 tubular, simple or branched, sometimes commencing in a globular chamber. 

 Marsipella, Norman. Fusiform or cylindrical Rhabdammina, M. Sars. 

 Rectilinear, radiate or branching, with or without a central chamber. 

 Aschemonella, Brady. Test of inflated sacs, single or combined in series. 

 Rhizammina, Brady. Fine chitino-arenaceous tubes, simple or branched. 

 Sagenella, Brady. Adherent, branching tubes. Botellina, Carpenter. 

 Test cylindrical of loose sand, with irregular cavities. Haliphysema, Bk. 

 Test columnar, attached by a stalk, simple or branched, beset with sponge 

 spicules (Fig. 19). 



