THE ANTHOZOA 



The second section is divided into the sub-sections Scptocorallio 

 (families Cyathophi/lluhie, Astraeidae, Funyidae) and Spinocorallia 

 (family Eupsautmulae). Whilst recognising the value and sug- 

 gestiveness of Miss Ogilvie's work, her classification cannot be 

 adopted here, for it is open to serious criticism. The grounds for 

 removing the Eupsammidae from the other Perforata seem to 

 be scarcely sufficient. The sub-section Coenenchymata appears 

 artificial. The Murocorallia are defined as corals which have 

 a well-built theca, whose fibrous elements are set in a direction at 

 right angles to those of the septa. In this group are included the 

 Turbinolidae, and it is more than doubtful whether it can be 

 predicated of all members of this group that they have a theca 

 separate from the septa. Von Koch has recently shown (102) 

 that the theca is an independent structure in the larval Caryophyllia, 

 but as growth proceeds the distinction between the two becomes 

 lost, and a section through an adult Caryophyllia shows that the 

 septa are thickened and in contact at their peripheral ends, thus 

 forming, in the upper moiety of the calyx, at any rate, a so-called 

 pseudotheca, such as would characterise the group Septocorallia. 

 For a discussion of the question as to the relations between theca 

 and septa the reader should refer to the excellent memoir of von 

 Koch (102).] 



SECTION 1. APOROSA. 



Simple or colonial Scleractineac with solid theca and septa not 

 perforated by canals ; the theca may be epithecate. 

 In colonial forms the zooids may be separate 

 from one another, or, if in organic continuity, 

 their cavities communicate only by means of 

 superficial canals in the coenosarc. FAMILY 1. 

 ZAPHRENTIDAE. Solitary palaeozoic Scleractineae 

 with an epithecal wall. Septa well developed, 

 arranged pinnately with regard to four principal 

 septa, the main- and counter -septa. Tabulae 

 present. Vesicular endotheca absent or scanty. No 

 columella. Genera Zaphrentis, Rafinesque and 

 Clifford; Ample.vusi t M. Edw. and H. ; Omphyma, 

 Rat*, and Clifford ; Streptdawia, Hall (Figs. 

 XXXIV. and XXXV.), etc. FAMILY 2. TURBINO- 

 LIDAE. Solitary Scleractineae, or forming colonies 

 by gemmation from the bases of the parent zooids 

 or from a stolon-like expansion from the base of 

 the parent zooid. Septa radial not pinnate. In- 

 terseptal loculi open to the base, i.e. without tabulae 

 or dissepiments. SUB-FAMILY 1. FLABELLINAE. 

 The wall is epithecate. Genera Flabellum, 

 Lesson ; Duncania, Pourtalea ; Schizoct/athiis, Pourtales ; Ithizotrochuf!, 

 M. Edw. and H. ; Plciirocyathns, Mosuley ; Desmophyllum, Ehrenb. ; 



Fi... XXX IV. 

 Stre]>ttl>Hn corn it-ill HIA, 



chalk of CiiH'innuti. Nut. 

 size (from Xittt-1). 



