THE CESTOIDEA 



" echinococcus." E. echinococcus, v. Sieb., measure 5 mm., consists of only 

 four proglottids, the last of which is ripe (Fig. XXI.). The strobila 

 lives in the intestine of dog, wolf, jackal, in immense numbers. The 

 " echinococcus " occurs in various tissue of ungulates, 

 carnivora, rodents, monkeys, and may even find its 

 way into man in countries such as Iceland and 

 Victoria, where he and the dog are very closely 

 associated, and where cleanliness is neglected ; in the 

 former country as many as two to three per cent 

 of the inhabitants are affected. SUB -FAMILY 3. 

 ANOPLOCEPHALINAE. Body lanceolate anteriorly ; 

 scolex unarmed and without a rostellum ; proglottids 

 being much broader than long, the uterus is trans- 

 verse (Fig. XXV.) ; the eggs contain a " pyriform 

 apparatus" (see below). The adults occur in the 

 intestine of ungulates. Moniezia, R. Blanch., two 

 complete sets of generative organs and two genital 

 pores in each proglottid. M. expansa, Hud., in sheep 

 (Fig. XXV. 1). Thysanosoma, Dies., T. fimbriata, 

 Dies., in the small intestine and bile ducts of sheep, 

 etc. Stilesia, RailL, suckers of the scolex directed 

 forwards ; in sheep. Ctenotaenia, Raill., broad tape- 

 worm of rodents. Anoplocephala, E. Blanch., scolex 

 usually large (Fig. XXII. 6) ; proglottids much im- 

 bricated ; the proglottids are stated not to drop off; 

 pyriform apparatus very well developed ; in the 

 Equidae. Andrya, Raill., in rodents. Bertia, R. 

 Blanch. ; B. studieri, BL, in chimpanzee. Plagio- 



taenia. Peters ; P. qiqantea in Rhinoceros africanus. 



,.,. T .. Vi 77- TV a Sieb - out of the dog 



Amabilia, Diam. ; A. lamelligera, Diam., in flamingo, (after Pemmcito). The 



FAMILY 4. MESOCESTOIDIDAE, Raillet. Head un- rosteiiar hookSs f the 

 armed, with four terminal suckers ; genital pores 

 separate, on the ventral surface. Mesocestoides, Vaill. (Ptychophysa, 

 Harnann) ; M. lineatus, Goeze ( = T. lineata, Goeze ; = T. litterata, Batsch) ; 

 in dog, cat, especially in Iceland. The genital organs present some re- 

 semblance to those of the Tetraphyllidea the uterus presents a single 

 " ovarian capsule " (ovisac) ; the vaginal pore is anterior to the male pore, 

 near the anterior end of the proglottid. Ripe segments drop off separately. 

 According to Neumann, the worm develops from " Dithridium " of dog, 

 without an intermediate host. 



Remarks on tJie Tetracotylea. This order contains those Cestodes 

 which are parasitic in warm-blooded animals, as well as some few 

 parasitic in Teleostean fish, and in Amphibia. Since all the human 

 tapeworms, except Bothriocephalus, belong to it, the order has 

 received more attention than the others, and it is customary to 

 take one or other of the common species of Taenia (s. 1.) as a type 

 of the whole class. For an account of the anatomy and mode of 

 life of any human parasite reference should be made to Leuckart's 



FIG. XXL 

 E. echinococcus, v. 



