114 



THE CRUSTACEA 



shell to the substratum (Fig. 64, ant, Fig. 67, A'). They appear, 

 however, to be absent in the Acrothoracica. 



The antennae disappear in the adult in all normal Cirripedia. 

 Their possible persistence in the Ascothoracica will be referred to 

 later. 



The mouth-parts consist of simply formed mandibles, maxillulae, 

 and maxillae, the last united at the base to form a lower lip. The 

 upper lip is large, often bullate, and at the sides, between it and 



the mandibles, are a pair of setose 

 lobes which have been sometimes in- 

 terpreted as lateral lobes of the labrum, 

 but which seem undoubtedly to be the 

 mandibular palps. 



The appendages of the "thoracic" 

 region, of which there are normally 

 six pairs, form the characteristic "cirri" 

 from which the name of the order is 

 ' derived (Fig. 67, Of). Each consists of 

 a two -segmented protopodite bearing 

 two long multiarticulate rami, the seg- 

 T< ments of which are fringed with long 

 hairs forming, when the cirri are pro- 

 truded from the orifice of the shell, a 

 "casting-net" for the capture of prey. 

 The cirri increase in length and in the 

 number of segments in the rami from 

 before backwards, and the number of 

 segments also increases with the age 

 of the animal. The first pair are com- 

 Flo< 6L monly, at least in the Pedunculata, 



Dissection of Upas from the side, separated by a little space from the 



A', antennule ; C, carina ; Cd, cement- 

 gland and duct ; Cf, cirri (thoracic 

 appendages) ; L, hepatic caeca ; M , 

 adductor muscle ; Od, oviduct ; Ov, 

 ovary ; P, penis ; Sc, scutum ; T, 

 testis ; Te, tergum ; Vd, vas deferens. 

 (From Claus's Textbook). 



following pairs, and more closely 

 associated with the mouth -parts. 

 Further, the first two or the first 

 three pairs are distinguished from 

 the posterior pairs by being shorter 



and by having the segments beset with stiff spines which prob- 

 ably aid in the prehension of food. In the parasitic Anelasma the 

 cirri are short, obscurely segmented, and quite devoid of setae 

 (Fig. 68). 



In the Acrothoracica the cirri are reduced in number by the 

 disappearance of the second and sometimes also of the third pair, 

 and the first is separated by a wide space from the remaining pairs, 

 which are crowded together at the posterior end of the body. The 

 first pair are reduced to small papillae in Cn/pfophialus, but in the 

 remaining genera they are closely approximated to the mouth-parts, 



