502 AMERICAN FOR KM TUB! 



known as leather wood, burnwood, burnwood bark, firewood, red titi, and 

 white titi. Ten woods besides this are called ironwood in some parts of 

 this country. The name is applied because the hardness of the wood 

 suggests iron. It is not remarkable for its weight nor its strength. The 

 medullary rays are thin and inconspicuous. In color it is brown, 

 tinged with red. It is not apparent why it is a favorite fire wood, for its 

 fuel value does not rate high theoretically, being much below many 

 species with which it is associated. The largest trees rarely exceed a 

 height of thirty feet and a diameter of twelve inches. They flourish in 

 shady river bottoms and along the borders of sandy swamps and shallow 

 ponds. 



The tree occasionally assumes the form of a bush and sends up many 

 stems which produce almost impenetrable thickets. Aside from its use 

 as fuel, it is in small demand anywhere. In Texas it is sometimes made 

 into wedges, and similar uses for it are doubtless found in other 

 regions where it is abundant. It is named from Domenico Civillo, an 

 Italian naturalist who died in 1799. 



TITI (Clijtonia tnonophylla] is of the cyrilla family and is one of 

 three species which occasionally pass under that name. It sometimes 

 reaches a height of fifty feet and a diameter of one or more. Its range 

 follows the coast region from South Carolina to Louisiana. It betakes 

 itself to swamps and flourishes in situations that would be fatal to many 

 species. Half under water during many months of the year it is placed 

 at no disadvantage. It grows equally well in shallow swamps which 

 are rarely overflowed. Near the southern limits of its range in Florida 

 it is reduced to a shrub. It is known as ironwood and buckwheat tree. 

 The last name is due to its seeds which are about the size of a buckwheat 

 grain and otherwise resemble it. The flowers appear in early spring on 

 long racemes, and are very fragrant. The wood weighs about thirty- 

 nine pounds per cubic foot, is not strong, but is moderately hard. It is 

 valuable as fuel and burns with a clear, bright flame. 



