AMERICAN FOREST TREES 703 



high, wood very hard, heavy, and strong, and bright red in color. It is 

 used by boat builders, for wharfs, and as handle wood. 



CINNAMON BARK (Canella winterana), also called whitewood and 

 wild cinnamon, is a south Florida species seldom more than twenty-five 

 feet high and ten inches in diameter. The wood is exceedingly heavy, 

 hard, and strong, and of dark reddish-brown color. The wild cinnamon 

 bark of commerce comes from this tree. 



JOEWOOD (Jaquinia armillaris) grows in the Florida everglades. 

 The dark and beautiful medullary rays of this wood may sometime make 

 it valuable for turnery and small novelties. Trunks seldom exceed six 

 or seven inches in diameter. Marlberry (Icacorca paniculata) belongs 

 in the same family with joewood. Trunks are small, but the hard, rich 

 brown wood is beautifully marked with dark medullary rays. 



CRABWOOD (Gymnanthes lucida) is known chiefly by the fine canes 

 made of it. The tree occurs in southern Florida where it is sometimes 

 known as poisonwood. It is dark brown, streaked with yellow. 

 Trunks more than eight inches in diameter are unusual. Manchineel 

 (Hippomane mancinella) is of the same family, and occurs in Florida. 

 The wood is light and soft. 



SINGLELEAF PINON (Pimis monophylld). This is the only pine in 

 this country with single needles. They are one and one-half inches 

 long, and are curved like the old fashioned sewing awl used by shoe- 

 makers. The needles fall during the fourth and fifth years. The cones 

 are one and one-half or two and one-half inches long. The trees are 

 small, averaging fifteen or twenty feet high and eight or twelve inches in 

 diameter. Its range covers portions of Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and 

 California, but it occupies dry, sterile regions as nearly under desert 

 conditions as can be found in this country. The tree maintains a foot- 

 hold on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada mountains at an altitude 

 of 9,000 feet and it descends into the Colorado desert in California at an 

 elevation of 2,000 feet. It endures winter cold below zero on the moun- 

 tains, and summer temperature of 122 in the Mojave desert. It is fitted 

 to live in a dry, sterile region. The leaves are small and the branches 

 bear few of them. The thin foliage uses little water, which is a fortunate 

 circumstance, for there is little to use. Slow growth is the result. The 

 trunk often adds less than an inch to its diameter in twenty years. The 

 trees form very open forest, resembling old orchards, ana the greenness 

 usually associated with pine landscapes is generally wanting. The 

 singleleaf pine has filled an important place in the development of the 

 region, and furnishes an example of the great service which a small, 

 crooked tree can give when it is the only one to be had. Mines worth 

 many millions of dollars have been worked with little of any other wood. 



