168 MYOLOGY, OR ANATOMY OF MUSCULAR SYSTEM 



(b) lower oblique, part, from the bodies of the upper two or three 

 dorsal into the anterior tubercles of the fifth and sixth cervical 

 transverse processes; (c) upper oblique part is the musculus 

 longus atlantis of Henle. Origin, anterior tubercle of the 

 transverse process of the third, fourth, and fifth cervical verte- 

 brae; inserted into the vertical portion and lateral and lower 

 part of the anterior tubercle on the arch of the atlas. 



2. M. Longus Atlantis (see preceding muscle). 



3. M. Longus Capitis, p. n. (rectus capitis anticus major). 

 Origin, anterior tubercle of the transverse process of the third, 

 fourth, fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrge; insertion, basilar 

 process of the occipital in front of the foramen magnum; it 

 may show a tendinous intersection anteriorly; the pharynx is 

 closely attached to it. 



Short Muscles. 1. Mm. Intertransversarii Anterior cs. 

 Anterior intertransverse muscles pass as little fasciculi between 

 the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cer- 

 vical vertebrae; they are in front of the nerve trunks. The 

 one for the axis is inserted broadly into its transverse process. 

 They may be lacking for the two upper vertebrae. 



M. Rectus Capitis Anticus, p. n. (rectus capitis anticus 

 minor). Origin, front of root of the transverse process of the 

 atlas; insertion, basilar process, between foramen magnum and 

 rectus major, f inch from its fellow. 



Nerves. Rectus anticus minor by the first cervical nerve; 

 scaleni and long prevertebral muscles by neighboring nerves; 

 the levator scapulae by the third, fourth, and fifth cervical 

 nerves. 



Actions. The scalene miiftcles are elevators of the ribs, 

 muscles of inspiration; fixed at the ribs are lateral flexors 

 of the neck, or both sides together bend it forward; the recti 

 antici flex the head and throw forward the pharynx; the longus 

 colli flexes the neck, and its oblique parts may rotate; the 

 levator scapula? elevates the superior angle and base of the 

 scapula, counteracting the rotation of the trapezius; fixed 

 below, draws the neck back and to one side. 



THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD 



These belong to the skull and face; those of the face are 

 in three groups and in three layers. 



