MUSCLES AND FASCIA OF THE FOOT 235 



border of the muscle, free at the level of the lower tibiofibular 

 articulation, passes behind the inner malleolus; inserted into 

 the tuberosity of the scaphoid, with offsets to the three cunei- 

 form, to cuboid, to bases of the second, third, and fourth 

 metatarsals, and to the transverse tarsal ligament and flexor 

 longus hallucis tendon, and sends a thin process back to the 

 sustentaculum tali. 



3. M. Flexor Longus Hallucis. Origin, lower two-thirds 

 of the posterior surface of the fibula, septum between it and 

 the peroneij.aponeurosis common to it and flexor longus digi- 

 torum. Tendon at the posterior surface of the muscle traverses 

 groove on the back of the astragalus and under surface of the 

 sustentaculum, gives slip to the flexor longus digitorum in 

 the sole of the foot, and proceeds to the base of the terminal 

 phalanx of the great toe. 



Nearly always a slip from the flexor hallucis to the flexor 

 digitorum, and (1 in 5) another from the flexor digitorum to 

 the flexor hallucis. 



Slip from the flexor hallucis passes to the second and third 

 toes, 52 per cent. ; to the second only, 28 per cent. ; to the second, 

 third, and fourth, 19 per cent.; or rarely to all four. 



Nerves. Gastrocnemius, plantaris, and popliteus by the 

 internal popliteal nerve. Soleus by the internal popliteal 

 and posterior tibial. Flexor longus digitorum, flexor longus 

 hallucis, and tibialis posticus by the posterior tibial nerve. 



MUSCLES AND FASCLffi OF THE FOOT 



Fascia of the dorsum is a thin layer over the extensor ten- 

 dons, with deeper layers over the short extensors and interossei. 



Superficial fascia of the sole forms a thick cushion of fatty 

 lobules bound down by bands passing vertically from the 

 skin to deep fascia. Small bursse over the heel and first and 

 fifth metacarpals. 



Deep Fascia of the Sole. Plantar fascia, central and two 

 lateral portions. The inner is thin and loose, covers the abductor 

 hallucis, and is continuous with the dorsal fascia and internal 

 annular ligament. Outer part covers the abductor minimi 

 digiti, and forms a thick band, especially between the outer 

 tubercle of the os calcis and tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal, 



