254 THE VASCULAR SYSTEMS 



which may be divided into three sets, viz., (1) three or four 

 pharyngeal, to the constrictors, the lower joining branches of 

 the superior thyroid, and the largest to the superior constrictor, 

 supplying also the palate and tonsil. (2) Several meningeal 

 branches entering the foramen lacerum medium, jugular, and 

 anterior condylar foramina. (3) The prevertebral branches, to 

 the muscles and glands in its course and to the vagus and sym- 

 pathetic nerves, anastomosing with the ascending cervical. 



The external carotid divides into the superficial temporal and 

 internal maxillary while embedded in the parotid gland, the 

 former being the smaller. 



VII. The superficial temporal ascends about 2 inches above 

 the zygoma, and divides into the anterior and the posterior 

 tempora 1 . The former supplies the muscles, pericranium, and 

 skin over the forehead, joining the supraorbital and frontal; 

 the latter runs upward and backward over the side of the head, 

 anastomosing with its fellow, the occipital, and posterior auri- 

 cular. The temporal supplies the articulation of the jaw, the 

 parotid, and the muscles in its course, and gives off the following 

 named branches: (a) The transverse facial, (b) the middle 

 temporal, and (c) the anterior auricular. 



VIII. The internal maxillary is described in three portions 

 viz., maxillary, pterygoid, and sphenomaxillary. The first 

 portion runs between the jaw and internal lateral ligament. 

 The second runs forward and upward upon the external ptery- 

 goid. The third enters the sphenomaxillary fossa between the 

 two roots of the external pterygoid. 



Branches. From the first or maxillary portion the tympanic, 

 middle and small meningeal, inferior dental ; from the second or 

 pterygoid part the deep temporal, pterygoid, masseteric, buccal; 

 from the third or sphenomaxillary part the alveolar, infra- 

 orbital, superior or descending palatine, Vidian, pterygopalatine, 

 sphenopalatine. 



(a) The tympanic, through the Glaserian fissure, joins the 

 stylomastoid and the tympanic arteries, and supplies a deep 

 auricular branch. 



(6) The middle meningeal ascends between the roots of the 

 auriculotemporal nerve, through the foramen spinosum, and 

 divides on entering the cranium into an anterior and a posterior 

 branch. These ramify on the inner surface of the calvaria as 

 far as the frontal and the occipital bones, uniting with the 



