THE KIDNEYS 443 



left side. The inferior border has emerging beneath it from 

 above downward the superior mesenteric vessels; from below 

 upward the inferior mesenteric vein. The anterior border 

 gives attachment to the transverse mesocolon. 



The tail is in relation witli the spleen and the splenic flexure 

 of the colon. 



The duct of the pancreas is called the pancreatic duct, or 

 canal of Wirsung. It extends transversely through the sub- 

 stance of the gland to drain the lobules by means of small 

 ducts, which open into it. Increasing in size it reaches the 

 neck, passes downward, backward, and obliquely to the right, 

 piercing the muscular and mucous coat of the second portion 

 of the duodenum where it opens into the ampulla of Vater, 

 common to it and the bile duct; the latter opens into the canal 

 of the duodenum. 



The arteries of the pancreas are the superior pancreatico- 

 duodenal, a branch of the gastroduodenal; the inferior pan- 

 creaticoduodenal, a branch of the superior mesenteric; small 

 and large pancreatic arteries, branches of the splenic. The 

 veins are : The inferior pancreaticoduodenal, opening into the 

 superior mejjenteric and superior pancreaticoduodenal draining 

 into the gastroduodenal vein, and the pancreatic veins draining 

 the body and tail pass to the splenic. The nerves are derived 

 from the celiac, superior mesenteric, and splenic plexuses. The 

 lymphatics empty into the splenic, preaortic (Sappey), superior 

 mesenteric, and pancreaticoduodenal nodes. 



The pancreas lies in front of the second lumbar vertebra. 

 When the stomach and colon are empty it can be felt about 

 3 inches above the umbilicus. 



THE URINARY ORGANS 



The urinary organs include the kidneys, which secrete the 

 urine; the ureters convey it to the bladder, where it is retained 

 until voided; then the urethra, which discharges it from the 

 body. 



THE KIDNEYS (RENES) 



The kidneys are situated on each side of the vertebral column, 

 resting on the psoas nmgnus and the quadra tus lumborum 



