448 SPLANCHNOLOGY, OR ANATOMY OF THE VISCERA 



walls are from 1 to 2 mm. thick. It has 4 main constrictions: 

 (1) At the junction with its pelvis; (2) -as it passes over the 

 brim of the pelvis; (3) as it enters the bladder; (4) at its termi- 

 nation. 



Relations of the Right Ureter (Abdominal Portion). It is retro- 

 peritoneal, and lies on the psoas magnus muscle and crosses 

 the genitocrural nerve. The spermatic artery or ovarian 

 passes over it from within outward; the spermatic vein from 

 without inward. At its origin it lies behind the second portion 

 of the duodenum, the right colic vessels, and near the brim 

 of the pelvis, the end of the ileum. It crosses the common 

 iliac artery at its bifurcation into the internal and external 

 iliac at the brim of the pelvis. 



The Pelvic Portion. It lies on the lateral wall of the pelvis, 

 behind the peritoneum; in front of the internal iliac vessels; 

 passing downward and forward it enters the bladder, piercing 

 the wall and within which it runs for about '] of an inch to 

 terminate in a slit-like aperture into the cavity of the bladder. 

 When the bladder is distended, the ureters are two inches apart; 

 when empty, about one inch nearer each other. It is crossed 

 in front by the vas deferens, in the male, which passes down- 

 ward, backward, and inward on a level with the upper margin 

 of the seminal vesicle. In the female it lies behind the ovarian 

 fossa, forming its posterior boundary. Passes forward and 

 inward, on a line with the cervix of the uterus, lying f of an 

 inch external. It is accompanied for about 1 inch by the 

 uterine artery, a branch of the anterior division of the internal 

 iliac. The uterine artery crosses above the ureter from with- 

 out inward to ascend between the two layers of the broad 

 ligament. 



The relations of the left ureter are the same as the right side, 

 except that the sigmoid flexure of the colon passes over it, 

 in front, at the lower part of the abdominal portion. 



The arteries are derived from the renal, spermatic, internal 

 iliac, and inferior vesicle. The veins correspond to the arteries. 

 The nerves are filaments from the inferior mesenteric, sper- 

 matic, and pelvis plexuses. The lymphatics, upper portion, 

 drain into the efferent branches from the kidney ; the abdominal 

 portion, into the lateral aortics; near the pelvis, the common 

 iliac nodes; and within the pelvis, the internal iliac nodes. 



