HAWAII EXPEKIMENT STATION. 377 



RICE. 



Rice is grown almost exclusively by the Chinese. (PL XXXI, figs. 

 1 and 2.) Its preparation for market in many sections is very crude, 

 the flail often being used to thrash the rice, while grading is done by 

 hand sieves, and transportation is by means of pack mules or hand- 

 carts. (PL XXXII, fig. 1.) New methods and modern machinery, 

 however, are being introduced. 



The market price of rice ranges from 5 to 7 cents per pound. Rice 

 lands rent for $40 to $60 per acre per annum. The production of rice 

 is from 30 to 43 barrels per acre, or 5,000 to 7,000 pounds. As five 

 crops can be grown on a given piece of land in three years, the average 

 yield per acre per annum is 48 barrels, or 8,000 pounds. The area of 

 rice land has decreased to some extent, owing to the introduction of 

 sugar cane on the rice lands which were available for that purpose. 

 At the present time rice is being imported for home consumption. 

 The largest export of rice was during the year 1887, when 13,684,200 

 pounds were exported. Exports of rice have diminished to about one- 

 fifteenth of that of 1887. The imports are upward of 250,000 pounds 

 annually. 



"KLU" BEAN, OR CASSIE. 



The islands offer opportunities for the encouragement of some minor 

 industries, such as spices, vegetable oils, and aromatic plants. Among 

 the latter may be mentioned the Cassie flower. India furnishes much 

 of this product, and in southern France there are plantations devoted 

 to the cultivation of the Cassie flower. In Hawaii the plant grows 

 luxuriantly and is found along the roadsides and in rocky and other- 

 wise unproductive sections. Experiments have proved that the quality 

 of the flowers after proper curing equals if not excels those produced 

 in India. The price paid for Hawaiian-grown flowers is 60 cents per 

 pound. 



DUCKS. 



Duck raising, which is entirely in the hands of the Chinese, has 

 come to be an industry of some proportions, representing about 

 $30,000 per annum. Ducks sell for $6 per dozen. The demand is so 

 great that almost every available pond around Honolulu is utilized 

 as a duck pond. The Chinese are remarkably successful in rearing the 

 birds and keeping them free from disease. A Chinaman may have 

 over 2,000 ducks in his flock, with only half an acre for ponds and runs. 

 (PL XXXII, fig. 2.) 



CHICKENS AND TURKEYS. 



The raising of chickens is attended with many difficulties, among 

 which are chicken pox, roup, and chicken cholera. The mongoose, also, 



