NEW OUTLOOKS IN MEDICINE. 369 



ceived attention at all commensurate with its vital bearing upon 

 the well-being spiritual as well as physical of those whom the 

 universities equip. So long as a knowledge of the human frame 

 was looked at from the standpoint of the dispenser of mysterious 

 drugs to a mysterious organism for the purpose of expelling mys- 

 terious foes ; so long as the body was regarded chiefly as a more 

 or less disreputable tabernacle for the temporary uses of the soul ; 

 so long as its harmonious and significant relationship to other 

 forms of being lay largely beyond our ken ; so long, I say, as all 

 these conditions prevailed, accurate knowledge of the body and 

 the factors necessary to its physical well-being did not command 

 attention in the higher educational outlooks. 



The equipment which I urge is in no sense medical, nor is it 

 such as encourages the fancy to linger upon trivial ailments or 

 inspires the dread of disease. For it should be remembered that 

 the fundamental facts of anatomy, physiology, hygiene, and sani- 

 tation do not belong particularly to medicine, as is too often 

 hastily assumed. This knowledge is indeed especially useful to 

 the physician, and upon it he builds up into the domain of medi- 

 cine. But it is a part of the common stock of world lore. And I 

 do not think that there are any forms of provisional knowledge 

 among those which candidates for admission to the colleges are 

 required to possess more important than this. 



Nor can I regard any schedule for the higher education, no 

 matter what the calling to which it is initiatory, as adequately 

 comprehensive which does not embrace definite and well-balanced 

 instruction in the more advanced knowledge of the human body, 

 its relationship to other forms of being, and the means through 

 which it best can serve those larger purposes of life which the 

 university inspires. One often marvels at the pitiful ignorance of 

 the body and of the simplest principles of healthy living common 

 among learned and cultured men and women to-day. Ashamed 

 not to know the origin of a word, or to fail in the comprehension 

 of a literary allusion, masters in theology, wise in the law, keen 

 in business, versatile and brilliant in society, they are prone to 

 court disaster in senseless modes of life, and fall easy victims 

 to charlatans and unscrupulous drug venders an association 

 which they share with the illiterate and uncultured in a fashion 

 highly democratic, and which suggests the survival of traits less 

 incongruous and much more picturesque in the North American 

 Indian. 



Our new outlooks in medicine have not been won without toil 

 and sacrifice on the part of its devotees, and these will still be 

 necessary. But it is evident that in the medical colleges there 

 must now be fuller endowment of research and more adequate 

 provision for instruction, not only in the traditional themes of 



