740 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



" On the 5th of May, 1881, we inoculated, by means of a Pravaz 

 syringe, twenty-four sheep, one goat, and six cows, each animal 

 with five drops of an attenuated culture of the anthrax bacillus. 

 On the 17th of May we reinoculated these animals with a second 

 virus, also attenuated, but more virulent than the first. 



" On the 31st of May we proceeded to make a very virulent 

 inoculation in order to test the efficacy of the preventive inocula- 

 tions made on the 5th and 7th of May. For this experiment we 

 inoculated the thirty vaccinated animals, and also twenty-four 

 sheep, one goat, and four cows which had not received any pre- 

 vious treatment. 



"The very virulent virus used on the 31st of May was ob- 

 tained from spores preserved in my laboratory since the 21st of 

 March, 1877. 



" In order to make the experiments more comparable, we in- 

 oculated alternately a vaccinated and a non-vaccinated animal. 

 When the operation was finished, all those present were invited 

 to reassemble on June 2d i. e., forty-eight hours after the viru- 

 lent inoculation was made. 



"Upon the arrival of the visitors on June 2d, all were aston- 

 ished at the result. The twenty-four sheep, the goat, and the six 

 cows which had received the attenuated virus all presented the 

 appearance of health. On the contrary, twenty of the sheep and 

 the goat which had not been vaccinated were already dead of 

 anthrax ; two more of the non- vaccinated sheep died before the 

 eyes of the spectators, and the last of the series expired before 

 the end of the day. The non- vaccinated cows were not dead. 

 We had previously proved that cows are less subject than sheep 

 to die of anthrax. But all had an extensive oedema at the point 

 of inoculation, behind the shoulder. Certain of these cedematous 

 swellings increased during the following days to such dimensions 

 that they contained several litres of liquid, deforming the animal. 

 One of them even nearly touched the earth. The temperature of 

 these cows was elevated 3 C. The vaccinated cows did not ex- 

 perience any elevation of temperature, or tumefaction, or the 

 slightest loss of appetite. The success, therefore, was as complete 

 for the cows as for the sheep." 



Subsequent experience has fully established the value of pro- 

 tective inoculations in this disease, and the method of Pasteur 

 has been practiced on a large scale in France, Austria, Russia, 

 and Switzerland. 



The results of anthrax inoculations made in France by Pas- 

 teur's method during twelve years were summarized by Cham- 

 berland in 1894. The veterinarians who made the inoculations 

 were each year called upon to answer the following questions : 1. 

 Number of animals inoculated. 2. Number of deaths from first 



