3 oo POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. 



tonic tribes, from the south the Mediterranean peoples ; in France, 

 just as in the Tyrol, as we have pointed out in a preceding paper. 

 The phenomenon, according to this theory, is merely one of ethnic 

 stratification. 



A second explanation, much more far reaching in its progno- 

 sis, is, as we have said, sociological. The phenomenon is the out- 

 come of a process of social selection, which rests upon racial or 

 physical differences of temperament. This theory is advanced by 

 Ammon of Baden, and his disciple Lapouge in France, in two 

 very remarkable recent books.* Briefly stated, it is this : In some 

 undefined way the long-headed type of head form is generally 

 associatad with an energetic, adventurous temperament, which 

 impels the individual to migrate in search of greater economic 

 opportunities. The men thus physically endowed are more apt 

 to go forth to the great cities, to the places where advancement in 

 the scale of living is possible. The result is a constant social 

 selection, which draws this type upward and onward, the broad- 

 headed one being left in greater purity thereby in the isolated 

 regions. Those who advocate this view do not make it necessa- 

 rily a matter of racial selection alone. It is more fundamental. 

 It concerns all races and all types within races. This is too com- 

 prehensive a topic to be discussed in this place ; we shall hope to 

 deal with it later. Personally, I think that it may be, and indeed 

 is, due to a great process of racial rather than purely social selec- 

 tion. I do not think it yet proved to be other than this. The 

 Alpine stock is more primitive, deeper seated in the land; the 

 Teutonic race has come in afterward, overflowing toward the 

 south, where life offers greater attractions for invasion. In so 

 doing it has repelled or exterminated the Alpine type, either by 

 forcible conquest or by intermixture, which racially leads to the 

 same goal.f 



Before we proceed further let us examine the other physical 

 traits a moment. The map of the distribution of brunetteness 

 shows these several Alpine areas of isolation far less distinctly 

 than the map of the cephalic index. It points to the disturbing 

 influence of climate or of other environment. If the law con- 

 ducing to blondness in mountainous areas of infertility were to 

 hold true here as it appears to do elsewhere, this factor alone 

 would obscure relations. Many of the populations of the Alpine 

 areas should, on racial grounds, be darker than the Teutonic ones ; 

 yet, being economically disfavored, on the other hand, they tend 

 toward blondness. The two influences of race and environment 



* Natiirliche Auslese beim Menschen, Jena, 1893. Les Selections Sociales, Paris, 1896. 

 f For an exceedingly interesting discussion of the action of economic and social forces 

 in France, vide Auvergne, by T. E. Cliffe-Leslie in Fortnightly Review, xvi, p. 736 seq. 



