THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 305 



This little district is very distinct from the surrounding country. 

 The landscape also is peculiar in many respects. The cottages 

 are like the English, with hedgerows between the several plots 

 of ground. All these outward features corroborate the anthropo- 

 logical testimony that this was a main settlement of the people 

 who came over from Cornwall in the fifth century, ousted by the 

 Anglo-Saxons. They, in fact, gave the name Brittany to the 

 whole district. They spoke the Celtic language in all probability, 

 but were absolutely distinct in race. They seem to have been 

 largely Teutonic. The Saxons soon followed up the path they 

 laid open, so that the characteristics of the present population are 

 probably combined of all three elements. At all events, to-day 

 the people are taller, lighter, narrower-nosed, and longer-headed 

 than their neighbors. A similar spot of narrow-headedness ap- 

 pears upon our map at Lannion. The people here are, however, 

 of dark complexion, short in stature, characterized by broad and 

 rather flat noses. Here is probably an example of a still greater 

 persistence in ethnic traits than about Dinan, for the facts indi- 

 cate that here at Lannion, antedating even the Alpine race, is a 

 bit of the prehistoric population which we promise to identify in 

 the next paper. 



Normandy is to-day one of the blondest parts of France. It is 

 distinctly Teutonic in the head form of its people. In fact, the 

 contrast between Normandy and Brittany is one of the sharpest 

 to be found in all France. The map of cephalic index on page 293 

 shows the regularly increasing long-headedness as we approach 

 the mouth of the Seine. In the Norman departments from thirty 

 to thirty- five per cent of the hair color is dark ; in the adjoining 

 department of Cotes- du-Nord, in Brittany, the proportion of dark 

 hair rises from forty to sixty, and in some cases even to seventy- 

 five per cent. In stature the contrast is not quite as sharp, 

 although the people of the seacoast appear to be distinctly taller 

 than those far inland. The ordinary observer will be able to 

 detect differences in the facial features. The Norman nose is 

 high and thin ; the nose of the Breton is broader, opening at 

 the nostrils. In many minor details the differences are no less 

 marked. 



Normandy, on the whole, is an example of a complete ethnic 

 conquest. At the same time, while a new population has come, 

 the French language has remained unaffected, with the exception 

 of a spot near the city of Bayeux, where the Saxons and Nor- 

 mans together combined to introduce a bit of the Teutonic tongue. 

 This conquest of Normandy has taken place within historic times. 

 It is probably part and parcel of the same movement which Teu- 

 tonized the British Isles ; for it appears that the Normans were 

 the only Teutonic invaders who can historically be traced to this 



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