THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 437 



this physical characteristic remains as a witness of priority of 

 title to the land. 



In Belgium itself, lying on the northwestern edge of the 

 Ardennes plateau, the contrast between the upland and the 

 plain is so distinct, and it coincides so closely with the racial 

 boundary between the Flemings and the Walloons, that it merits 

 special attention. Language here follows closely in the footsteps 



Geoloay and Elevation 



Orerjoo meters. 



xxxx North-west boundary 

 of priTrLitivz rock, 



of race. As our three maps of the country show in detail, the 

 Walloons in the uplands are broader-headed than the Flemings. 

 They are distinctly shorter in stature.* Our map shows how 

 much more infrequent blond types are among them than among 

 the Flemings. It is curious to notice this Teutonism of Flanders 

 and the Low Countries. It denotes the utter extermination of all 

 traces of the Spaniards, despite their whilom political activities. 

 Belgium is sharply divided, therefore, into two halves, following 

 the topographical boundary of the plateau exactly, except in 

 the department of Hainault, where Walloons are found in the 

 plains. The two halves of Belgium thus indicated differ in poli- 



* Quetelet long ago showed this. Vide Titeca, Bull. Soc. d'Anthropologie de Bruxelles, 

 vi, 1887, p. 109. Houze has mapped the stature in ibid., vi, 1887, p. 278. 



