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latter case clustered about 83. The difference of four units and 

 over was too great to ascribe to chance variation or to defective 

 measurement. The champions of the broad heads, such as Ret- 

 zius and Pruner Bey, affirmed an Asiatic origin, while their oppo- 

 nents, following Broca, as vehemently claimed that, whatever the 

 Basques might be, they certainly were not Mongolian. They 

 generally asserted an African origin for them. The often acri- 



I 



FRENCH BASQUE. Basses- Pyrenees. 



monious discussion has been settled finally by proof that both 

 sets of observers were right after all. Strange as it may seem, 

 the people on the two opposite slopes of the Pyrenees, both alike 

 speaking the same peculiar language distinct from all others in 

 Europe, were radically different in respect of this most funda- 

 mental racial characteristic. No proof of this, beyond a glance 

 at our map of cephalic index, on page 620, is necessary. From 

 preceding articles the broad heads in France, denoted by the dark 

 tints, will be recognized as the extreme vanguard of the Alpine 

 race of central Europe. Spain, on the other hand, is a strong- 

 hold of the long-headed Mediterranean type. Here we have the 

 point of contact between the two. Let us not be confused by the 

 light-shaded area about Dax. That is not truly Mediterranean. 

 It need not bother us. Dr. Collignon identifies it as a remnant of 

 the same prehistoric Cro-Magnon race, centering in Dordogne, 

 which we described in our last paper. 



Bearing in mind now that the crest of the Pyrenees runs along 

 the political frontier, it seems as if, on the whole, the line of di- 

 vision between broad-headed and long-headed types lay at the 

 northern base rather than along the summits of the mountains. 



