THE RACIAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. 



737 



Is it not probable that the same flood of expanding population 

 from the north which submerged these districts may have trav- 

 ersed the Apennines and overflowed both Etruria and Umbria ? 

 The so-called Etruscan historic invasion may have been merely 

 an incident in this great demographic event. This internal origin 

 for the Etruscan race is rendered all the more probable by other 

 evidence close at hand. All the chief cities were well inland. 

 None were on the coast, where Greek or Phoenician invaders by 

 sea would most likely have located. The Etruscans, in fact, seem 

 to have been quite ignorant of the art of navigation ; and, finally, 

 the testimony of place names points to the .Alps as a point of 

 initial dispersion, as Canon Taylor has shown. 



Middle Italy south of Umbria has little of special interest to 

 offer. It is merely intermediate between north and south. To 

 make this transition clear, compare the portrait on preceding page 

 with that of our pure Alpine type on page 725 and with the pure 

 Mediterranean type on this page. Owing to the late Abyssinian 

 war so many of the Calabrians and Sardinians in the south were 

 in the field that it was impossible to procure photographs of these 

 racial types. They are quite similar, 

 however, in head form to those which 

 prevail in Tunis. For all practical pur- 

 poses this African will do as well. No- 

 tice that the breadth of forehead and 

 the roundness of face in our medium 

 type stand between the extremes on 

 either side. In pigmentation and stature 

 the same thing is true. Little by little 

 as we go south the Alpine blonde is 

 eliminated until we reach the Mediter- 

 ranean race in all its purity. 



The southern part of the Italian 

 Peninsula is to-day the seat of a Mediter- 

 ranean population of remarkably pure 

 ethnic descent. The peasants are very 

 long-headed, strongly brunette, and al- 

 most diminutive in stature. Especially 

 is this true in the mountains of Calabria, 

 where geographical isolation is at an extreme. Along the coasts 

 we find little points of contact with invaders by sea. Apulia (see 

 map of geography) especially contains many foreign colonies.* 

 Some of these/are of interest as coming from the extremely broad- 

 headed country east of the Adriatic. So persistently have these 



BERBER. Tunis. 

 Cephalic Index, 72. 



* Vide for details Zampa's excellent Vergleicbende anthropologische Ethnographic von 

 Apulien in Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologic, 1886, pp. 167-193, and 201-232. 

 VOL. LI. 55 



